1. GLOBAL POPULATION Population Counter Population Counter

2. Demography This is the statistical study of human population. It explains the causes and consequences of pop changes around the world. This is the statistical study of human population. It explains the causes and consequences of pop changes around the world. What are the effects of an increase/decrease? What are the effects of an increase/decrease? What caused the increases in certain areas and decreases in others? What caused the increases in certain areas and decreases in others? 7 Billion-The National Geographic 7 Billion-The National Geographic 7 Billion-The National Geographic 7 Billion-The National Geographic

3. What do we know already? World’s population in 1900 was 1.6 billion. World’s population in 1900 was 1.6 billion. In 1960 it was 3 billion and by 1999 reached 6. In 1960 it was 3 billion and by 1999 reached 6. UN demographers project world population in 2050 to be between 7.3-10.7 billion people. (This assumes fertility rates will drastically decline.) UN demographers project world population in 2050 to be between 7.3-10.7 billion people. (This assumes fertility rates will drastically decline.) Fertility rates have come down from an average of 6 children per woman in 1950 to 2.9 children per woman in 2000. Fertility rates have come down from an average of 6 children per woman in 1950 to 2.9 children per woman in 2000. But, there are more people of childbearing age now than ever. (Roughly half the world’s population is under 25) This will mean a drastic increase in population by the billions. But, there are more people of childbearing age now than ever. (Roughly half the world’s population is under 25) This will mean a drastic increase in population by the billions.

4. Population Explosion Population doubled from 1960 to 2000. (3 billion to 6) Population doubled from 1960 to 2000. (3 billion to 6) What could be the problems resulting from this explosion? What could be the problems resulting from this explosion? Put a strain on governments, economic systems and food systems and resources. Put a strain on governments, economic systems and food systems and resources. A few parts of the world handled this explosion well with an increase in living standards, however the already poor nations were made poorer. A few parts of the world handled this explosion well with an increase in living standards, however the already poor nations were made poorer.

6. What would be the effects of an increasing population?

7. Overpopulation The demands of growing populations exceed the country’s carrying capacity. The demands of growing populations exceed the country’s carrying capacity. Reading – Will Overpopulation Crush the Crust of the Earth. Reading – Will Overpopulation Crush the Crust of the Earth. National Geographic pictures National Geographic pictures National Geographic pictures National Geographic pictures

8. High Fertility Rates Connections Fertility rates remain high in some very populated areas (Africa, and South Central Asia) Fertility rates remain high in some very populated areas (Africa, and South Central Asia) Why? Why? Levels of income and education are lower there. Levels of income and education are lower there. Is there a connection between fertility rate and wealth? Is there a connection between fertility rate and wealth? Numerous children may be needed. They provide support to aging parents, help raise food, collect water, care for younger children and collect supplies. Numerous children may be needed. They provide support to aging parents, help raise food, collect water, care for younger children and collect supplies. In poorer countries parents expect that a couple may die, so they plan for this. In poorer countries parents expect that a couple may die, so they plan for this. They also may work outside the home to supplement household income or be indentured or even sold to support the family. They also may work outside the home to supplement household income or be indentured or even sold to support the family.

9. What about education levels? Birth rates are linked to education as well. Birth rates are linked to education as well. The more education people have the more economic options they have and usually they do not want or need many children. The more education people have the more economic options they have and usually they do not want or need many children. In areas of the world where education levels are the highest fertility rates are the lowest. In areas of the world where education levels are the highest fertility rates are the lowest.

10. World Fertility Rates

11. Overall Effect With the increase in the population there is an increase in need for resources. (This hurts our sustainability.) With the increase in the population there is an increase in need for resources. (This hurts our sustainability.) Eventually there becomes a lack of resources and damage to the environment. This in turn leads to fewer resources. Eventually there becomes a lack of resources and damage to the environment. This in turn leads to fewer resources. What are the effects of this? What are the effects of this? Environmental degradation, poverty, conflict. (People fight for what they don’t have.) Environmental degradation, poverty, conflict. (People fight for what they don’t have.)

12. Solutions? What are some solutions to the high fertility rates? What are some solutions to the high fertility rates? Educating (especially women, the more educated they are, they later they get married and the later they have children.) Educating (especially women, the more educated they are, they later they get married and the later they have children.) Better health care, and reproductive health care Better health care, and reproductive health care Reduce infant mortality. Reduce infant mortality. Make contraceptives readily available Make contraceptives readily available But, will this all work in the very poor nations? But, will this all work in the very poor nations?

13. What are the effects of a decreasing population?

14. Declining Growth Rate Since 1980 the growth rate has declined from 2.4% growth to 1.9%. This is the largest decline in history. Since 1980 the growth rate has declined from 2.4% growth to 1.9%. This is the largest decline in history. What are the problems with a declining population? What are the problems with a declining population? Social Systems and economies rely on growing populations. Social Systems and economies rely on growing populations. Complete question 9 on page 59. Complete question 9 on page 59.

15. Effects of Decline (#9, p59) Percentage of older people grows. Percentage of older people grows. Need pensions, health care, retirement homes Need pensions, health care, retirement homes Younger generation pays for the older generations. Younger generation pays for the older generations. People are needed to fill all the jobs from the older generation. (Smaller workforce.) People are needed to fill all the jobs from the older generation. (Smaller workforce.) Economy suffers, not as much money going back into the economy (fixed income) Economy suffers, not as much money going back into the economy (fixed income) More houses available than needed, value of homes go down. More houses available than needed, value of homes go down. Any more? Any more?