1. The Grand Empire: Spread of the Revolution Section 10.48:

2. Napoleonic Organization of the Empire Zone One (The Grand Empire) Includes France & dependent states Zone Two (Satellite States, Allied states: Prussia, Austria, Russia and Denmark, Norway) All are subject to the Continental System( all are at war with, & not to conduct trade with, England) Dependent states (Warsaw, Confederation of the Rhine) Administrated by prefects Reported to Napoleon

3. Nepotism Made his family kings over various territories to keep them in control and establish a Bonaparte dynasty Jerome=King of Westphalia (German state) Joseph =Spain Louis=Holland (allowed trade to continue with GB) Joachim Murat, cavalry officer and husband of his sister=Naples Lucien= Served in Council of 500 (they didn’t get along)

4. Does this contradict the Legion of Honor? The spirit of the Revolution? What would Napoleon have said to critics?

5. Napoleon and the spread of the revolution Stages of French Occupation All conquered states followed same course of events First was military conquest and occupation Then, N. set up the government Drafted a constitution defining the state’s relationship to France Reforms modeled after France Confederation of the Rhine Duchy of Warsaw Territory annexed by France (Belgium)

6. Reforms Considered himself a man of the Enlightenment Believed in constitutions and believed govt. should be deliberately mapped out and planned Believed in and practiced “rule of law” Law was/is universal and rational (Nap. Code) Reforms directed toward everything feudal Established legal equality Government was in authority over people, not local lords Established equality in taxes, offices, military positions Careers were open to people of talent Manorial system was undone Serfs were subjects of the states, not the lords Reforms not as extensive outside of France In Poland, N. needed the landlords’ support to rule

7. Religions reforms toleration becomes the law abolishes church courts tithes done away with secular state is the final authority over religion all religious have same civil rights (even Jews) Spain resists, for this reason and because of Bourbon

8. Other Reforms guilds are abolished internal tariffs removed metric system decimal system for coinage direct tax collecting

9. Napoleon’s Genius

10. Who supported these measures? Support came from commercial and professional classes. They were against old regime, and: Napoleon was equated with reasoned government Goethe- Napoleon “was the expression of all that was reasonable, legitimate and European in the revolutionary movement.” Points of conflict included: Taxes in dependent states were higher than in France Soldiers who fought in Napoleon’s army came from dependent states, yet died for France Strain of the Continental system for France and allies Lack of application of West European ideas in the East Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

11. Conclusion Was Napoleon an absolutist monarch or an enlightened despot, or neither? Was he the Second Anti-Christ, a modern Alexander, or neither? What was his legacy for Europeans?