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2.  Gates Gates  Characteristics of gates Characteristics of gates  Basic Gates Basic Gates  AND Gate AND Gate  OR gate OR gate  NOT gate NOT gate  XOR Gate XOR Gate  XNOR gate XNOR gate  Universal Gate Universal Gate  NAND GATE NAND GATE  NAND gate as an Universal gate NAND gate as an Universal gate  NOR gate NOR gate  NOR as an Universal gate NOR as an Universal gate  Summary Summary

3.  Gates are the basic elements of circuit.  A gate is a device that performs a basic operation on electrical signals  Gates are combined into circuits to perform more complicated tasks. back

4.  Each logic gate has only one binary output.  Each logic gate has either one or more than one binary input(s). back

5. There are three basic gates 1 AND gate 2 OR gate 3 NOT gate back

6.  An AND gate has two or more inputs and only one output. The output of an AND gate is 1 only if all inputs are 1. back

7.  An OR gate has two or more inputs and only one output. The output of an OR gate is 1 only if one or more inputs are 1. back

8.  NOT gate has one input and one output.  It is also known as inverter. back

9.  XOR, or exclusive OR, gate ◦ An XOR gate produces 0 if its two inputs are the same, and a 1 otherwise back

10.  It is also known as equivalence gate.  It is combination of XOR and NOT gate.  Symbol

11.  Expression :AB+A’B’  Truth table ABC 001 010 100 111 back

12.  A universal gate is that gate which apart from its own logical function can also perform the basic gate function i.e AND,OR and NOT.  NAND and NOR are universal gate. back

13.  Nand gate is combination of NOT and AND gate.  Symbol Expression :A.B

14. ABS 001 011 101 110 back

15. A NOT gate can be implemented using a NAND gate (a). An AND gate can be implemented using NAND gates (b). An OR gate can be implemented using NAND gates back

16.  NOR gate is combination of OR gate and NOT gate.  Symbol back