1. CH 13 “Do Something you Love and You Will Never Work a Day in Your Life”

2. CH 13 Key Terms Economy Industrial Economy Post-Industrial Economy Manufacturing Sector Service Sector Globalization Collective Bargaining Gender Segregation

3. Economy This is the social institution that organizes how goods and service are produced distributed and consumed. As was mentioned in the class on family types, the economy has went through several stages 1.Agricultural Economy 2.Industrial Economy 3.Post Industrial Economy

4. Economy 10,000 years ago, an agricultural revolution took place as people learned to plant crops and domesticate animals to provide a more certain and stable existence. With the growing availability of food, people began to assume specialized economic roles such as making crafts, designing tools, constructing dwellings and governing the group. At this time, work life became more distinct from family life, although production still occurred close to home.

5. Economy The Industrial Revolution brought about an industrial economy. With the aid of technology, non-human energy sources such as steam and coal were harnessed, moving work from homes to factories and allowing societies to mass-produce goods such as clothing tools and furniture. Post Industrial Economy: Shifting from a system based primarily on manufacturing to one based on service work and the extensive use of information technology.

6. Economy Manufacturing Sector: jobs related to the large- scale production of material goods. These jobs are quickly declining. Service Sector: Jobs related to industries that provide services to the public. These jobs include traditional services such as transportation, retail, hospitality banking and advertising.

7. Economy Gender Segregation still occurs with a concentration of men and women in different occupations. 30% of Canadian women are employed in clerical occupations and another 16% in service occupation.

8. Chapter 14 The Economy and Social Class

9. Social Classes: In every society there are groups of people who receive more benefits or have more influence and power than other groups. Several criteria are used to define each class (income, influence, lifestyle, education and type of work) Ascribed Status: Status that is assigned to an individual at birth or through ageing

10. Chapter 14 The Economy and Social Class Achieved: In Canada, many people believe that a person’s social status is based largely upon achieved rather than ascribed characteristics that is we earn rewards through personal merit, effort and hard work. The Wealthy upper class in Canada makes up about 3-5% of the population. Much of the income of the this class derives from inherited wealth, although some member of the upper class have earned their fortunes

11. Chapter 14 The Economy and Social Class The Middle Class: This can be defined by a person’s income and kinds of foods and services he or she can afford The Working Class: a product of industrialization. During the industrial revolution, many countries underwent a massive shift from an agricultural-based economy to an industrial-based one.

12. Chapter 14 The Economy and Social Class The poor make up about 20% of the Canadian population. Low income makes life unstable and insecure for poor individuals and families. Some poor people earn just enough to buy the necessities of life. Others cannot get better work because of a disability, lack of training, age or family responsibilities.

13. Chapter 14 The Economy and Social Class Absolute Poverty: The deprivation of resources that are considered essential. Relative poverty: Measuring the deprivation of some people against those who have more. Low-income Cut-off (LICO) stats Canada can determine what percentage of Canada’s population can be classified as poor. Families that spend 55% of their income on food, clothing and shelter are classified as living below the LICO line

14. Chapter 14 The Economy and Social Class Working Poor: Half of all low- income families have some kind of employment. Even though they work they are not earning enough money to prevent them from being poor. Child Poverty: Canada had the seventh highest level of child poverty its 15.5% child poverty rate is better that that of Mexico and the US but worse that that of Sweden Norway and Finland.