1. FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE G. TOGIA SECTION ΠΗ-Ω 31/05/2016 Introduction to linguistics II

2. Today’s topics Text Linguistics – Discourse Analysis:  Conversational analysis and turn-taking. You can study these topics in:  George Yule: Chapter 12. 2

3. CONVERSATIONAL ANALYSIS Text Linguistics - Discourse Analysis Course title: Introduction to Linguistics II

4. What is conversational interaction ? An activity in which, for the most part, two or more people take turns at speaking. Some features of conversational interaction:  Typically, only one person speaks at a time.  Usually, silence is avoided.  If two people talk at the same time, one of them stops. 4

5. Conversational interaction: example A: Didn’t you [know wh- B: [But he must’ve been there by two A: Yes, but you knew where he was going 5

6. Completion point The point which signals that the speaker has finished speaking. This is done in a number of ways:  Asking a question.  Pausing at the end of a phrase or sentence. 6

7. TURN-TAKING Text Linguistics - Discourse Analysis Course title: Introduction to Linguistics II

8. Turn-taking Turn-taking refers to participants’ methods of participating in a conversation. Related to turn-taking are:  Simultaneous talk.  Interruption.  Gaps: when neither the current speaker has selected one nor has anyone else been self-selected. 8

9. Turn-taking strategies One strategy is designed to avoid having normal completion points. Used when we have to work out what we’re trying to say while actually saying it.  Use connectors (and, and then, so, but).  Place pauses at points where the message is incomplete.  Use filled pauses: er, em, uh, ah. 9

10. Example 1: pauses before and after verbs A: that’s their favorite restaurant because they…enjoy French food and when they were…in France they couldn’t believe it that…you know that they had…that they had had better meals back home. 10

11. Example 2: filled pauses X: well that film really was…[wasn’t what he was good at] Y: [when di-] X: I mean his other …em his later films were much more…er really more in the romantic style and that was more what what he was…you know…em best at doing Y: so when did he make that one? Exercise 1 11

12. Summary 12 Conversation Analysis: an activity in which, for the most part, two or more people take turns at speaking. Turn-taking: it refers to participants’ methods of participating in a conversation.

13. Next week... 13 Language and Regional Variation:  The standard language.  Accent and dialect.  Regional dialects.  Isoglosses and dialect boundaries.  The dialect continuum.  Bilingualism and diglossia.  Language planning.  Pidgins and Creoles.