1. MOBILE IP GROUP NAME: CLUSTER SEMINAR PRESENTED BY : SEMINAR PRESENTED BY : SANTOSH THOMAS SANTOSH THOMAS STUDENT NO: 2436541 STUDENT NO: 2436541

2. MOBILE IP BASICS MIP is a proposed standard protocol defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). MIP is a proposed standard protocol defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). With same IP address, stay connected, and maintain ongoing applications while in roaming. With same IP address, stay connected, and maintain ongoing applications while in roaming. It is scalable for the Internet because it is based on IP—any media that can support IP can support Mobile IP. It is scalable for the Internet because it is based on IP—any media that can support IP can support Mobile IP. Movement is transparent to hosts who communicate with the mobile user. Movement is transparent to hosts who communicate with the mobile user.

3. MEMBERS OF MOBILE IP FAMILY Mobile Node Mobile Node Home Agent Home Agent Foreign Agent Foreign Agent

4. Mobile IP Workings Three main phases:  Agent DiscoveryAgent Discovery A Mobile Node discovers its Foreign and Home Agents during agent discovery.  RegistrationRegistration The Mobile Node registers its current location with the Foreign Agent and Home Agent during registration.  Tunneling A reciprocal tunnel is set up by the Home Agent to the care-of address (current location of the Mobile Node on the foreign network) to route packets to the Mobile Node as it roams.Tunneling

5. Columbia IP Micro-Mobility Suite (CIMS) Cellular IP Cellular IP supports hard and semi-soft handoff. supports hard and semi-soft handoff. HAWAII HAWAII supports uni-cast non-forwarding (UNF) and multiple supports uni-cast non-forwarding (UNF) and multiple stream forwarding (MSF) schemes. stream forwarding (MSF) schemes. Hierarchical Mobile IP Hierarchical Mobile IP does not currently support IP paging. does not currently support IP paging.

6. Cellular IP Cellular IP supports fast handoff and paging techniques. supports fast handoff and paging techniques. To minimize control messaging, regular data packets transmitted by mobile node are used to refresh node location information and also to maintain reverse path routes. To minimize control messaging, regular data packets transmitted by mobile node are used to refresh node location information and also to maintain reverse path routes. Two types of handoff scheme; Two types of handoff scheme; 1)Hard handoffs(minimizing handoff signaling ) 1)Hard handoffs(minimizing handoff signaling ) 2) Semi soft handoff(minimizes packet loss ) 2) Semi soft handoff(minimizes packet loss )

7. Cellular IP (continued) Sorted mobile host(Idle or Active). Sorted mobile host(Idle or Active). a) This extends battery life a) This extends battery life b) reduces air interface traffic b) reduces air interface traffic c) mobile hosts do not have to update their location after each handoff. c) mobile hosts do not have to update their location after each handoff. It supports a fast security model that is suitable for micro-mobility environments. It supports a fast security model that is suitable for micro-mobility environments. Cellular IP access networks use special session keys where base stations independently calculate session keys to avoid additional delay to the handoff process. Cellular IP access networks use special session keys where base stations independently calculate session keys to avoid additional delay to the handoff process.

8. Hierarchical Mobile IP Employs a hierarchy of foreign agents to locally handle Mobile IP registration. Employs a hierarchy of foreign agents to locally handle Mobile IP registration. Mobile hosts itself send mobile IP registration messages to update their respective location information. Mobile hosts itself send mobile IP registration messages to update their respective location information. Registration messages establish tunnels between neighboring foreign agents. Registration messages establish tunnels between neighboring foreign agents. Packets addressed to mobile hosts travel in this network of tunnels. Packets addressed to mobile hosts travel in this network of tunnels.

9. Hierarchical MIP (continued) Paging allows idle mobile nodes to operate in a power saving mode while located within a paging area. The location of mobile hosts is known to home agents and is represented by paging areas. Paging allows idle mobile nodes to operate in a power saving mode while located within a paging area. The location of mobile hosts is known to home agents and is represented by paging areas. Paging a mobile node can take place using a specific communication time-slot in the paging area.. Paging a mobile node can take place using a specific communication time-slot in the paging area.. Paging schemes increase the amount of time a mobile host can remain in a power saving mode. Paging schemes increase the amount of time a mobile host can remain in a power saving mode.

10. Introducing IP v6 Features like Stateless Address Auto configuration and Neighbor Discovery supported. Features like Stateless Address Auto configuration and Neighbor Discovery supported. Hence foreign agents need not required to support mobility in IPv6. Hence foreign agents need not required to support mobility in IPv6. Simplify the process of renumbering, which could be critical to the future routability of the Internet. Simplify the process of renumbering, which could be critical to the future routability of the Internet.

11. Ongoing Problems Associated By MIP Triangle routing :Packets sent by the correspondent node to the mobile node goes tru tunneling,but otherwise it takes the direct fly resulting traffic at the home agent. Triangle routing :Packets sent by the correspondent node to the mobile node goes tru tunneling,but otherwise it takes the direct fly resulting traffic at the home agent. Security Issues:Firewalls cause difficulty for Mobile IP because they block all classes of incoming packets that do not meet specified criteria. Security Issues:Firewalls cause difficulty for Mobile IP because they block all classes of incoming packets that do not meet specified criteria. Ingress filtering: Border routers discard packets coming from within the enterprise if the packets do not contain a source IP address configured for one of the enterprise's internal networks. Ingress filtering: Border routers discard packets coming from within the enterprise if the packets do not contain a source IP address configured for one of the enterprise's internal networks. Issues in IP addressing: Issues in IP addressing:

12. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Fast Handover has been developed for improved handover performance (goal: smooth voice handovers – and, video!) Fast Handover has been developed for improved handover performance (goal: smooth voice handovers – and, video!) Context Transfer to preserve link contexts to avoid reestablishment Context Transfer to preserve link contexts to avoid reestablishment Binding Update now has a lightweight key establishment protocol Binding Update now has a lightweight key establishment protocol Mobile IPv6 offers scalable, secure, and high-performance mobility management Mobile IPv6 offers scalable, secure, and high-performance mobility management

13. REFERENCES "IP Mobility Support," C. Perkins, ed., IETF RFC 2002, Oct. 1996. "IP Mobility Support," C. Perkins, ed., IETF RFC 2002, Oct. 1996. www.birdstep.com www.birdstep.com www.birdstep.com http://www.birdstep.com/collaterals/Mobile %20IP%20Overview.pdf http://www.birdstep.com/collaterals/Mobile %20IP%20Overview.pdf http://www.birdstep.com/collaterals/Mobile %20IP%20Overview.pdf http://www.birdstep.com/collaterals/Mobile %20IP%20Overview.pdf http://carmen.cselt.it http://carmen.cselt.it http://carmen.cselt.it