1. MIP Extensions: FMIP & HMIP
Mobile IP
Mobile IPv4 (MIPv4)
Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)
MIP Extensions: FMIP & HMIP
Proxy MIP (PMIP)

2. Mobile IP and its Variants
Mobile IPv4 (MIPv4)
MIPv4
Low-Latency Handover for MIPv4 (FMIPv4)
Regional Registration for MIPv4 (HMIPv4)
Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)
MIPv6
Fast Handover for MIPv6 (FMIPv6)
Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6)
CNP

3. IETF RFCs MIP MIPv4: RFC 3344 (2002) MIPv6: RFC 3775 (2004)
FMIP (Fast Handover for MIP
FMIPv6: RFC 4068 (2005)
Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6
FMIPv4: RFC 4881 (2007)
Low-Latency Handoffs in Mobile IPv4
HMIP (Hierarchical MIP)
HMIPv6: RFC 4140 (2005)
Hierarchical Mobile IPv6
HMIPv4: RFC 4857 (2007)
Mobile IPv4 Regional Registration
CNP

4. MIPv4: Overview MIPv4 Nodes MN (Mobile Node): Host
CN (Correspondent Node): Host
HA (Home Agent): Router
FA (Foreign Agent): Router
MIPv4 Address
HoA (Home Address): MN
CoA (Care-of-Address): FA
CNP

5. Home Address (HoA) and Care-of Address (CoA)
CNP

6. The home address is permanent;
Note:
The home address is permanent;
the care-of address changes as the mobile host moves from one network to another.
CNP

7. MIPv4 Agents
Home Agent (HA) & Foreign Agent (FA)
CNP

8. Protocols Operation
Agent Discovery
Registration
Data Transfer
CNP

9. MIPv4: Control Operations
Agent Discovery
MN  FA (CoA)
ICMP Agent Solicitation & Advertisement
Registration to HA (via FA)
MN  FA  HA
Over UDP (destination port 434)
Data Tunneling
CN => HA (HoA) => FA (CoA) => MN
IP-in-IP Tunneling, ..
CNP

10. MIPv4: Control & Data Flows
CNP

11. Agent advertisement
MIP does not use a new packet type for agent advertisement;
it uses the router advertisement packet of ICMP, and
appends an agent advertisement message.
CNP

12. Mobile IP does not use a new packet type for agent solicitation;
it uses the router solicitation packet of ICMP.
CNP

13. Registration request and reply
CNP

14. Note: A registration request or reply is sent
by UDP using the well-known port 434.
CNP

15. Registration request format
CNP

16. Registration reply format
CNP

17. Data transfer
CNP

18. The movement of the mobile host the rest of the Internet.
Key Objective of MIP
The movement of the mobile host
is transparent to
the rest of the Internet.
CNP

19. Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) MIPv6 = MIPv4 + IPv6 Major Differences from MIPv4
FA in MN
No FA for MIPv6
CoA: IP address of MN
By DHCPv6 or IPv6 Stateless Auto-Configuration
Route Optimization
To solve the “Triangular Routing” Problem
Provided by default
MN  CN
CNP

20. MIP: Triangular Routing Problem
CNP

21. MIPv6: Route Optimization
CNP

22. MIPv6: Binding Update Binding Update to HA
Using IPSEC: MN and HA have a security association
AH (Authentication Header)
ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload)
Binding Update to CN
Return Routability (RR) procedure
For Security
Binding Update (BU) procedure
Route Optimization
CNP

23. MIPv6: Binding Update
CNP

24. MIPv6: RR (Return Routability)
CNP

25. MIPv6: Changes to IPv6 New IPv6 Protocol (Header)
Mobility Header: a new IPv6 extension header
To carry MIPv6 Binding Update messages
How is in the MIPv4 ?
New Option in Destination Option Header
Home Address Option
New Type in Routing Header
Type 2 Routing Header
New ICMP Messages
ICMP HA Address Discovery Request/Reply
ICMP Mobile Prefix Solicitation/ Advertisement
CNP

26. MIPv6: IPv6 Header
CNP

27. MIPv6: Mobility Header A New Extension Header of IPv6
Messages for Return Routability
Home Test Init Message
Care-of Test Init Message
Home Test Message
Care-of Test Message
Messages for Binding Update
Binding Update Message
Binding Acknowledgement Message
Binding Error Message
Binding Refresh Request Message
CNP

28. MIP Extensions Mobile IPv4 (MIPv4)
Low-Latency Handover for MIPv4 (FMIPv4)
Regional Registration for MIPv4 (HMIPv4)
Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)
Fast Handover for MIPv6 (FMIPv6)
Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6)
CNP

29. FMIPv6: Fast Handover for MIPv6CN
PAR
NAR
signaling
signaling MN
CNP

30. FMIPv6: Operations Handover Initiation L2 Triggers, RtSolPr, PrRtAdv
Between MN and AR
Tunnel Establishment
HI (Handover Initiate) and HACK
Between PAR and NAR
Packet Forwarding
PAR => NAR (data buffering at NAR)
FBU, FBack
NAR => MN:
FNA (Fast NA)
CNP

31. FMIPv6: Operational Flows
CNP

32. HMIPv6: Overview Motivations Localized (Regional) Mobility Management
Hierarchical
MIP: MN  HA
HMIP: MN  MAP  HA
MAP: Mobility Anchor Point
IP Address (CoA)
RCoA (Regional CoA): in the MAP region
LCoA (On-Link CoA): in the AR region
CNP

33. HMIPv6: Architecture HA CN MAP AR2 AR1 MN RCoA Movement LCoA_2 LCoA_1
CNP

34. HMIPv6: Operations MN When entering an AR region in the MAP domain,
it gets LCoA (AR region) and RCoA (MAP region)
RCoA does not change in the MAP domain
Local Binding Update (LBU) to MAP
Bind LCoA & RCoA to MAP
MAP (Acting as a local HA)
Only the RCoA need to be registered with CN/HA
Relay all packets between MN and HA/CN
CNP

35. HMIPv6: MAP Tunnel (MAP  MN)HA CN
MAP
AR2
AR1 MN
Outer header
Inner header
LCoA
MAP
RCoA CN
Home Addr
CNP

36. MIP in Real World: 3GPP2 (CDMA)
CNP

37. MIP in 3GPP2
CNP

38. “Network-based” Localized Mobility Management
Proxy MIPv6 (PMIPv6)
“Network-based” Localized Mobility Management

39. Why Network-based?
Host-based MIPv4/v6 has not been yet deployed that much.
Why host-based MIP is not deployed yet?
Too heavy specification for a small terminal
RFC 3344 (MIPv4): 99 pages
RFC 3775 (MIPv6): 165 pages
Battery problem
Waste of air resource
No Stable MIPv4/v6 stack executed in Microsoft Windows OS
CNP

40. PMIPv6 IETF NETLMM WG Internet Draft “Proxy Mobile IPv6,”
draft-ietf-netlmm-proxymip6-00.txt (2007)
GOAL
This protocol is for providing mobility support to any IPv6 host within a restricted and topologically localized portion of the network and without requiring the host to participate in any mobility related signaling.
CNP

41. Network-based Mobility
Technical Background
Host-based vs. Network-based Mobility HA HA
Route Update
Route Update AR AR
Movement
Movement
Network-based Mobility
Host-based Mobility
CNP

42. Proxy MIPv6 Overview LMA MAG1 MAG2
LMA: Localized Mobility Agent MAG: Mobile Access Gateway
IP Tunnel
A IPinIP tunnel LMA and MAG.
LMA
Home Network MN’s Home Network (Topological Anchor Point)
MN’s Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP)
CAFE:1:/64
MAG1
Host A
LMA Address (LMAA)
That will be the tunnel entry-point.
LMM (Localized Mobility Management) Domain
MAG2
MN’s Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP)
CAFE:2:/64
Proxy Binding Update (PBU)
Control message sent out by MAG to LMA to register its correct location
Host B
MN Home Address (MN-HoA)
MN continues to use it as long as it roams within a same domain
Proxy Care of Address (Proxy-CoA)
The address of MAG. That will be the tunnel end-point.
CNP

43. Proxy MIPv6 Overview No host stack change for IP mobility
Avoiding tunneling overhead over the air
Re-use of Mobile IPv6
PMIPv6 is based on Mobile IPv6 [RFC3775]
Only supports Per-MN-Prefix model
Unique home network prefix assigned for each MN.
The prefix follows the MN.
CNP

44. Proxy MIPv6 Overview Overall Procedures
MN moves and attaches to an access router
After authentication, MAG (access router) identifies MN
MAG obtains MN’s profile containing the Home Address ..etc
MAG sends the Proxy Binding Update to LMA on behalf of MN
MAG receives the Proxy Binding Ack. from LMA
MAG sends Router Advertisements containing MN’s home network prefix
Stateless Case: MN will still configure (or maintain) the same as its home address.
Stateful Case: the network will ensure that it always gets its home address.
CNP

45. Proxy MIPv6 Overview CNP Tunnel Setup
In case that profile store does not have MN Home Prefix
MAG emulates the MN’s home link
Tunnel Setup
This can be omitted when stateless configuration is used.
CNP

46. Proxy MIPv6 Proxy Registration
LMA needs to understand the Proxy Registration.
Proxy Binding Update
Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
CNP

47. Proxy MIPv6 Tunnel Management
LMA-MAG tunnel is a shared tunnel among many MNs.
1:1 relation  m:1 relation
One tunnel is associated to multiple MNs’ Binding Caches.
Life-time of a tunnel should not be dependent on the life time of any single BCE.
LMA’s Prefix-based Routing
LMA will add prefix routes to MN’s home network prefix over the tunnel.
CNP

48. Proxy MIPv6 MAG Operation It emulates the home link for each MN.
After the access authentication, MAG will obtain MN’s profile which contains:
MN’s home address
MN’s home network prefix
LMA address ..etc.
It establishes a IPv6/IPv6 tunnel with the LMA.
All the packets from MN are reverse tunneled to its LMA
All the packets from the tunnel are routed to MN.
Router Advertisement should be UNICASTed to an MN
It will contain MN’s Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP)
CNP

49. Proxy MIPv6 MN Operation
Any MN is just a IPv6 host with its protocol operation consistent with the base IPv6 specification.
All aspects of Neighbor Discovery Protocol will not change.
When MN attaches to a new AR, it receives a Router Advertisement message from the AR with its home prefix.
Throughout the PMIP domain, MN using DHCP procedure or in stateless address configuration mode, will obtain the same home address.
CNP

50. Proxy MIPv6 Data Transport LMA-MAG Tunneling/Reverse Tunneling MN MAGCN
MN sends a packet to CN
MAG forwards to LMA
LMA sends to CN
CN sends packet to MN
LMA forwards to MAG
MAG sends to MN
IPv6 header (src=MAG_ADDR, dst=LMA_ADDR)
IPv6 header (src=MN_ADDR, dst=CN_ADDR)
Payload
IPv6 header (src=LMA_ADDR, dst=MAG_ADDR)
IPv6 header (src=CN_ADDR, dst=MN_ADDR)
Paylaod
CNP