2. INTRODUCTION WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY BECOMING HOTTER WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY BECOMING HOTTER TRANSITION TOWARDS MOBILITY OVER PAST 20 YEARS TRANSITION TOWARDS MOBILITY OVER PAST 20 YEARS CISCO IOS HAS INTEGRATED NEW TECHNOLOGY ON MOBILE IP WHICH PROVIDES USERS THE FREEDOM TO ROAM CISCO IOS HAS INTEGRATED NEW TECHNOLOGY ON MOBILE IP WHICH PROVIDES USERS THE FREEDOM TO ROAM NETWORK MOBILITY IS PROVIDED BY MOBILE IP NETWORK MOBILITY IS PROVIDED BY MOBILE IP

3. MOBILE IP OVERVIEW ROUTING BASED ON STATIONARY IP ADDRESS ROUTING BASED ON STATIONARY IP ADDRESS IN IP NETWORKS IN IP NETWORKS IT IS AN EXTENSION TO IP PROPOSED BY IETF IT IS AN EXTENSION TO IP PROPOSED BY IETF THAT ENABLE USERS TO KEEP SAME IP ADDRESS WHILE ROAMING THAT ENABLE USERS TO KEEP SAME IP ADDRESS WHILE ROAMING WITHOUT MOBILE IP WITHOUT MOBILE IP * NODE MUST CHANGE ITS IP ADDRESS WHILE ROAMING * NODE MUST CHANGE ITS IP ADDRESS WHILE ROAMING * HOST SPECIFIC ROUTES MUST BE PROPAGATED * HOST SPECIFIC ROUTES MUST BE PROPAGATED BASELINE REQUIREMENTS OF MOBILE IP BASELINE REQUIREMENTS OF MOBILE IP

4. TERMINOLOGY

5. PROTOCOL OVERVIEW AGENT DISCOVERY AGENT DISCOVERY REGISTRATION REGISTRATION TUNNELING TUNNELING

6. TWO WAYS TO ACQUIRE CARE OF ADDRESS FOREIGN AGENT CARE OF ADDRESS FOREIGN AGENT CARE OF ADDRESS COLLOCATED CARE OF ADDRESS COLLOCATED CARE OF ADDRESS

7. MESSAGE FORMAT AND PROTOCOL EXTENSIBILITY THE EXTENSION USED IN MOBILE IP IS AS SHOWN BELOW WHICH IS NOT USED IN SIMPLE IP THE EXTENSION USED IN MOBILE IP IS AS SHOWN BELOW WHICH IS NOT USED IN SIMPLE IP TYPELENGTHDATA (TLV EXTENSION FORMAT)

8. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIFFERENT COMPONENTS

9. HOW MOBILE IP WORKS AGENT DISCOVERY AGENT DISCOVERY ADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISEMENT SOLICITATION SOLICITATION REGISTRATION REGISTRATION TUNNELING TUNNELING GENERAL TUNNELING GENERAL TUNNELING PACKET FORWARDING PACKET FORWARDING REVERSE TUNNELING REVERSE TUNNELING

10. GENERAL TUNNELING

11. PACKET FORWARDING

12. REVERSE TUNNELING

13. SECURITY THE MESSAGES BETWEEN MOBILE NODE AND HOME AGENT REQUIRED TO CONTAIN MOBILE HOME AUTHENTICATION EXTENSION THE MESSAGES BETWEEN MOBILE NODE AND HOME AGENT REQUIRED TO CONTAIN MOBILE HOME AUTHENTICATION EXTENSION MOBILE IP ALSO SUPPORTS HASH- BASED MESSAGE AUTHENTICATION CODE MOBILE IP ALSO SUPPORTS HASH- BASED MESSAGE AUTHENTICATION CODE

14. PROBLEMS WITH MOBILE IPV4 ROUTING INEFFICIENCIES ROUTING INEFFICIENCIES SECURITY ISSUES SECURITY ISSUES INGRESS FILTERING INGRESS FILTERING COMPETITION FROM OTHER PROTOCOLS COMPETITION FROM OTHER PROTOCOLS TRIANGULAR ROUTING TRIANGULAR ROUTING CONGESTION CONGESTION

15. CHANGES WITH MOBILE IPV6 ROUTE OPTIMIZATION ROUTE OPTIMIZATION SECURITY SECURITY SOURCE ROUTING SOURCE ROUTING

16. ROUTE OPTIMIZATIN

17. OTHER FEATURES PROVIDED BY MOBILE IPV6 SMOOTH HAND OFFS SMOOTH HAND OFFS COEXISTENCE WITH INTERNET INGRESS FILTERING COEXISTENCE WITH INTERNET INGRESS FILTERING AUTOMATIC HOME AGENT DISCOVERY AUTOMATIC HOME AGENT DISCOVERY

18. IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF HANDOFF IN MOBILE IP TO AVOID PACKET LOSS DURING HAND OFF TO AVOID PACKET LOSS DURING HAND OFF ACTIVE ROUTERS ACTIVE ROUTERS SMART BUFFERING SMART BUFFERING

19. CONCLUSION SECURITY NEEDS ARE GETTING ACTIVE ATTENTION SECURITY NEEDS ARE GETTING ACTIVE ATTENTION MOBILE IP IS LIKELY TO MOVE FROM A PROPOSED STANDARD TO A DRAFT STANDARD IN THE NEAR FUTURE MOBILE IP IS LIKELY TO MOVE FROM A PROPOSED STANDARD TO A DRAFT STANDARD IN THE NEAR FUTURE BCOZ OF ITS HIGH POTENTIAL THE FUTURE IS VERY BRIGHT BCOZ OF ITS HIGH POTENTIAL THE FUTURE IS VERY BRIGHT