1. Yuan Shikai 历史学院近现代史 项旭寅

2. Yuan Shikai (1859- 1916),was born in Xiangcheng of Henan Province. He was an important Chinese general and politician famous for his influence during the modern history of China,and he was the head of the Northern warlords.

3. Yuan‘s rise to fame in Korea at an early age. After returning ， Yuan was appointed the commander of the first New army, directly commanded and trained China's first modernized army in Tianjin. Therefore, he gained significant political influence and the loyalty of a nucleus of young officers. During the new policy of late Qing dynasty,he promoted the reform of modernization.

4. During the 1911 Revolution,yuan forced Xuantong Emperor to abdicate,and became the provisional president of the Republic of China.Later, elected as first president of Republic of china.He ordered the dissolution of Parliament, revised “ provisional constitution of the Republic of China”, promulgated “Republic of China Law” and amend “The presidential election law ”. Yuan Shikai sworn in as Provisional President of the Republic of China, in Beijing, 10 March 1912.

5. On 12 December 1915, yuan proclaimed himself Emperor, established the Empire, and later he canceled the title of emperor under the pressure of campaign to defend the republic, soon died.

6. Most historians suggest that Yuan had told Ronglu of all details of the Reformers' plans, and asked him to take immediate action. Historical debate:  Reform movement of 1898

7.  The case of Song Jiaoren Historical debate: In February 1913, democratic elections were held for the National Assembly.Song Jiaoren of the KMT zealously supported a cabinet system and was widely regarded as a candidate for Prime Minister. But, on 20 March 1913, Song Jiaoren was shot at a Shanghai railway station. The trail of evidence led to the secretary of the cabinet and the provisional premier of Yuan Shikai's government. Because of the lack of evidence, Yuan was never officially implicated.

8. Historical debate:  Japan's Twenty-one Demands In January 1915, Japan sent a secret ultimatum, known as the Twenty-one Demands, to Beijing, which would to invade China further. Yuan's decision to agree to nearly all of the demands, although many of the requests were mere extensions of Qing treaties.

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