1. WWII: European War 1939-1942

2. World Crisis The depression challenges democracy

3. Fascism Extreme form of government Promised to revive economy, punish those responsible, and restore national pride

4. Fascist Italy Benito Mussolini Promised a revived economy and strong Military

5. Fascist Germany Adolf Hitler Brings order and security

6. Nazi Ideology Pure “Aryan” or German Race Revenge of the Treaty of Versailles Lebensraum- Germany over crowed needed more living space.

7. Italy Invades Africa Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia Avenge losses in 1890 League of Nations remain silent

8. Germany Invades Hitler enters the Rhineland Formed a buffer between France and Germany

9. Appeasement France stunned-unwilling to risk war! Britain urged appeasement- giving in to an aggressor (Hitler) to keep peace

10. Axis Powers 1936 Hitlers growing power convinced Italy to form an alliance Germany, Japan, Italy

11. Spain’s Civil War Democracy Fails Fascist Dictator Francisco Franco wins

12. Germany Expands 1938, Hitler ignores Treaty of Versailles Absorbs Austria into Germany

13. Munich Conference Hitler demands the Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain gives into demands

14. Nonaggression pact Russian (communist) and Germany (fascist) 10 year agreement never to attack each other They would divide Poland between them

15. Blitzkrieg Germany’s Military Strategy Fast-moving airplanes and tanks followed by massive infantry forces Take enemy defenders by surprise

16. The Phony War Britain and France declare war Mobilize Armies along the Maginot Line Wait for Germans to attack

18. Invasion of France Germans attack through the Ardennes

19. Rescue of Dunkirk Allied forces trapped in northern France Heroic act of Rescue 800 boats that took 2 months

20. France Falls June 22, 1940 France Surrenders Charles de Gaulle: government-in-exile

21. Battle of Britain Germany attacks Great Britain’s Air Force (RAF) Then focused on cities to break moral

22. Technology Radar-electronic tracking device Enigma- German code-making machine Both essential to Britain’s victory

23. Africa Italy invades North Africa (oil rich) Britain Fights back Germany helps Italy Erwin Rommel- know as “Desert Fox”

24. Balkans Hitler takes control of south eastern Europe Prepares for invasion of Russia

25. Invasion of Russia “Operation Barbarossa” Russia military not prepared Germany advances quickly (500 miles)

27. Leningrad City cut off from Russia Hitler tries to starve the city of 2.5 million City refuses to fall (Winter 1941-1942)

28. United States Neutrality Act 1941 Lend-Lease Act with Britain