1. Causes of the Civil War and the Cold War Jon Hale College of Charleston

6. Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin Evidence that Henry Ogden Holmes invented a cotton gin prior to Whitney developed a saw-toothed gin in 1787 at Kinkaid Plantation in Craven County. Expired on March 14, 1794 Whitney was granted his patent on that same date. After the cotton gin, cotton became America’s leading crop. In 1790, 1,500 pounds of cotton Slaves concentrated in Virginia (tobacco), South Carolina and Georgia (rice) By 1800, 35,000 pounds. By 1815, production had reached 100,000 pounds. 1820, slavery had spread westward to Mississippi. In 1848, production exceeded 1,000,000 pounds By 1865, 4 million slaves lived in the South.

8. Denmark Vesey Uprising 35 local African Americans tried, convicted, and executed Two died in custody 40 African Americans were tried and deported

9. The Citadel “Act to Establish a Competent Force to Act as a Municipal Guard for the Protection of the City of Charleston and its vicinity." (1822) The act provided that a suitable building be erected for the deposit of the arms of the State, and a guard house.

10. Frederick Douglass Education of slaves was explicitly forbidden Slaves were threatened with severe physical punishment and sometimes death if caught learning to read and write Education becomes equated with Freedom in the minds of African Americans Education is the means to “racial uplift” African Americans organize the first system of public education Based on desire for literacy

11. John Brown, 1800-1859 I believe to have interfered as I have done,... in behalf of His despised poor, was not wrong, but right. Now, if it be deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my children, and with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I submit: so let it be done."

12. William Lloyd Garrison, 1805- 1879 "I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation.... I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD.” American Colonization Society The Liberator, est. 1831

13. Abolitionism in South Carolina A.E. Grimke, abolitionist and Quaker, born to South Carolinian slaveholders Articulated message in “Appeal to the Christian Women of the South”

14. Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811- 1896 President Lincoln described here as the “little lady who started this great war” 10,000 copies sold in the first week; a million and a half British copies in a year Charles Sumner: “Had there been no Uncle Tom’s Cabin, there would have been no Lincoln in the White House.”

19. Roberts Smalls and the Reconstruction Educational Reformers Robert Smalls of Beaufort, South Carolina proposes a universal education for all students Joins a cohort of elected black politicians that build a system of public education in the South

21. “Sherman's march through South Carolina--advance from McPhersonville,” Harper’s Weekly, (March 4, 1865)

22. “Ruin in the Heart of Charleston” Harper’s Weekly (July 8, 1965)

23. Communism and the Cold War Classless Society in which all people enjoy equal social, political, and economic equality Working class (proletariat) own the mean of production Called for a revolution and overthrow of the owners of the means of production (bourgeois)

24. Levittown, PA Before and After