1. Introduction to Plants…..

2. Biology I Review: What is botany?
The study of plants
What is the general traits of the Plant kingdom:
Eukaryotic
Cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Autotrophic
Makes its own food through the process of
photosynthesis
Multicellular

3. Overall structure of a plant cell:
A: Vacuole
Storage area for water and sugar
B: Cell wall
Provide shape and support
D: Nucleus
Contains DNA
E: Mitochondria
Breaks sugar down into energy
F:Chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis

4. Importance of plants: Major role in our water cycle
Uses up CO2 and produces O2
Used as our primary food source
Source of medicine
Yams produce cortisone that treat inflamation
Source of fabric
Cotton, linen (flax), hemp

5. Used for housing and shelters
Basis of fossil fuels
coal, oil and natural gas
Stored photosynthetic energy from millions of years ago
Used for housing and shelters
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6. Plant Kingdom shows much biodiversity
Plant Kingdom is made up of 12 phyla and includes over 270,000 different species
500 million years ago plants were only in the water
Land plants appeared 430 million years ago
What changed to move plants from water to land?
Development of the ozone layer
Protected plants from the sun’s harmful UV rays
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8. 1. Development of a cuticle
What adaptations were needed to allow a plant to move from a water to a land environment?
1. Development of a cuticle
Waxy, protective covering that prevents water loss
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9. 2. Development of stomata
Small openings on the surface that allows O2 and CO2 to move in and out of plant
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10. Must reproduce with spores or seeds
These structures prevent water loss, provide protection and nourish embryo
Sounds like what structure we already learned about in the animal kingdom?
-the egg
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11. Had to have the formation of vascular tissue
A type of tissue that provides support, transports water and dissolved substances from one part of the plant to another
1. Xylem:
-carries water and inorganic nutrients from
roots to stems and leaves
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12. 2. Phloem
Carries organic food molecules (sugars) and water in any direction depending on a plants needs
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13. Plant Classification:
Plants are divided into 2 main groups:
1. Vascular:
Has vascular tissues, roots, stems and leaves
Examples:
Ferns, flowering plants and conifers
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14. 2. Nonvascular: -has no vascular tissue
-No true roots, stems or leaves
-Examples:
-mosses and liverworts
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15. Vascular: further divided into two groups
Seedless plants Seeded plants
FERNS
reproduce with spores
Gymnosperms Angiosperms
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16. Gynmosperms: -include pines, evergreens and ginkgoes
Seeds are not encased in a fruit
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17. Angiosperms: -Flowering plants
Seeds are produced within a flower and housed in some type of protective fruit
Examples: Apples, cherries,
grass
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18. Angiosperms are further divided into:
Monocotyledons Dicotyledons
(monocots) (dicots)
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19. What is a cotyledon? -first leaf of embryo
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