1. Ch. 17 Foot, Ankle, and Lower Leg

2. Objectives Describe the anatomy of the foot and ankle.
Cite primary extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the lower leg.
Explain the common injuries and condition affecting the foot, ankle, and lower leg.
Describe medical tibial stress syndrome and its treatment.

3. Anatomy 28 bones in each foot 38 joints 7 tarsals 5 metatarsals
14 phalanges
2 Sesmoids
38 joints

4. Anatomy Tarsals Talus Calcaneus Navicular Cuboid 1st Cuneiform
2nd Cuneiform
3rd Cuneiform

5. Arches Medial Longitudinal Arch Highest and most important Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuneiforms
First 3 metatarsals
Highest and most important

6. Arches Lateral Longitudinal Arch Lower and flatter than medial side
Calcaneus
Talus
Cuboid
4th and 5th metatarsals
Lower and flatter than medial side

7. Arches Transverse Arch Cuneiforms Cuboid Fifth Metatarsal
Arches are maintained by bones and ligaments

8. Joints Talocrural joint is the ankle joint Most commonly injured joint
Medial and lateral malleolus
Talus is the most weight bearing bone in body

9. Ligaments Medial Lateral Deltoid Ligament Anterior Talofibular
Composed of 4 ligaments
Lateral
Anterior Talofibular
Posterior Talofibular
Calcaneofibular

11. Muscles
Intrinsic muscles: located within the foot and cause movement of the toes
Plantar flexors, dorsiflexors, abductors, and adductors of the toes
Extrinsic muscles: located outside the foot in the lower leg

12. Muscles Gastrocnemius: plantar flexes foot Soleus: plantar flexes foot
Tibialis Anterior: dorsiflexes foot
Peroneus Longus: everts, plantar flexes
Peroneus Brevus: everts foot
Flexor Hallucis Longus: flexes great toe
Flexor Digitorum Longus: flexes toes