1. ISRIC Green Water Team Sjef Kauffman Godert van Lynden Zhanguo Bai 1

2. Water and Sustainable Land Management Instead of a narrow focus on surface and ground (“blue”) water alone, more attention is needed for the green water component: water in the soil available for plant growth; The green water component comprises at an average 2/3 of total rainfall (Falckenmark and Rockstrom, 2006);

3. 3 Key resource is rain water Farmer can improve local water balance Upstream land management is linked to downstream water availability Farmers are key and need support to make investments How can we support the farmers? Starting points

4. Current land management practices show wasting of rain water by : high rates of surface runoff enhancing flash floods and erosion, and large losses by evaporation of water directly from bare soil (up to 60% of rainfall!) Blue water can be better managed by good soil & water management: reducing runoff and erosion, more infiltration, less unproductive evaporation, more water for plant growth More water cannot be created, but:

5. 5 Better soil and water management can also greatly increase water supply downstream and improve rural livelihoods

6. 6 Farmers know the benefits from green water management, but need incentives to cover the costs/ labour Green Water Credits bridge the incentive gap: Compensation by water users to water providers for specified water management services

7. 7 Targets/Potential benefits

8. 8 Who and where are the key players?

9. 4 Work Domains 1. Biophysical analysis 2. Socio-economic study 3. Institutional inventory 4. Financial Mechanism

10. 10 Estimated increase in hydro-power from green water management (50% cut in erosion/siltation) 100 000 GJ = 51 000 barrels oil = $ 5.8 million

11. 11 Green Water Credits Phase IProof-of-Concept/ Business Case Phase IIDesign and capacity building Phase IIIImplementation ( Morocco ) (Kenya) (Algeria, China?, Ethiopia??, Burundi??)

12. 12 Started 2006 Currently implemented in Kenya, Upper Tana Basin (Phase II, till Sept. 2011: Project Design) Morocco: Sebou Basin (Phase I, till Sept. 2011: Proof of Concept) Algeria (Project preparation) China, (Proposal) Results

13. Upper Tana, Kenya

15. Sebou Basin, Morocco

16. WOCAT in GWC Potentially relevant Green Water technologies for altitudes from 500-2000 m (Source : WOCAT database) Quest IdSWC Technology NameLGP Measurements/ EstimatesPlantType Produc tion Prod Diff% Soil Loss (t/ha) Soil LossDiff SoilLoss Diff% Runoff (% of rainfall) Runoff Diff Runoff Diff% CHN21Orchard Interplanted with Bahia Grass (Paspalum notatum) 90estimatesartificial forest 321.388%35 50% CHN40Zero Tillage180measurementswheat/corn1330%32288%52583% CHN41Subsoiling240measurementswheat /corn1330%54590%52583% CHN42Auto-Flowing Slurry Dam165measurementscrop2.6420%20.659.474%35819% CHN43Pits160measurementstrees 3.0810.3477%2880% CHN45Terrace160measurementscrop2.7108%5812268%4660% CHN47Check Dam180estimates 3.5 1107039%301838% CHN49Caragana Korshinskii Planting----a kind of SWC vegetative technology 160estimatesStipa bungeana 3.375 759556%2880% ETH01Trashlines90estimatesmixed cereals & pulses, cotton 1.3 109090%254564% ETH04Hillside Terracing90measurementsgrass/bush/tr ee 13 30 40 ETH11Multiple Cropping90estimatesSorghum0.950% 104080% KEN05Fanya Juu Terrace90estimatesmaize1.550%2982%203060% KEN10Road runoff management - Nyeri120estimates 1.3525%151040%203060% KEN11Road runoff system - Mwingi105estimatesall1.5 21083%107088% KEN15double dug beds - Busia experience120measurementsmaize2150% 51067% KEN16Grevillea tree planting as an agroforestry intervention 100estimatescoffee7.50%3.51.530%35513% KEN22Water Harvesting and Enlarged Structures 90estimatesmaize1.2100%0.87.290%73884% KEN22Water Harvesting and Enlarged Structures 90estimatesbeans0.6 0.8 7 KEN22Water Harvesting and Enlarged Structures 90estimatessugarcane5 0.8 7 KEN22Water Harvesting and Enlarged Structures 90estimatesbanana3 0.87.290%73884% KEN23Riverbed reclamation & silt trapping for sugarcane 75estimatessugarcane5 5758%204067% KEN24Gully Reclamation60estimatesbanana4 0.6609.4100%105083% KEN24Gully Reclamation60estimatespawpaw8 0.6 10 KEN24Gully Reclamation60estimatesgrass 0.6 10 KEN25Pasture Mangt. through Removal of comiphora 70estimatescomiphora 1267%81260% KEN26Water Table Management70estimatessugarcane6100%0.5167%4450% KEN27Gully blocking by stone checks120estimatesfruit trees 0.5591%104080% KEN30Conservation Tillage through ripping120estimateswheat2.780%0 203060% NEP11Landslip and stream bank stabilisation120estimatesAlnus, L. cardamom, bamboo 5 1019095%354556% Quest IdSWC Technology NameLGP Measurements/ EstimatesPlantType Produc tion Prod Diff% Soil Loss (t/ha) Soil LossDiff SoilLoss Diff% Runoff (% of rainfall) Runoff Diff Runoff Diff%

17. Examples from WOCAT database (> 350 technologies worldwide)

22. 22 CONCLUSIONS GWC is a financial facility to support farmers in soil and water conservation activities: 1.For initial investments (short term) 2.For maintenance investments (long term) in appropriate green water management 3.Where downstream water users compensate farmers upstream for the benefits derived from appropriate soil and water management

23. More information... www.isric.org www.greenwatercredits.net www.wocat.net Godert.vanlynden@wur.nl Sjef.Kauffman@wur.nl Zhanguo.Bai@wur.nl

24. 24 Targets/Potential benefits More blue water downstream Improved water quality Arrest siltation of reservoirs Regulated water downstream Less flood damage Better green water mgt so higher yields Arrest land degradation Support rural livelihoods