1. A2 Unit 4 Revision Mindmaps

2. Biological model -Genes -Twins -Pathways -VTA-NA + MDP Initiation Maintenance Relapse 1. Models of addictive behaviour Addictive Behaviour Cognitive model -RP model Behavioural (Learning) model -classical cond. -operant cond. 2. Vulnerability to addiction 3. Reducing addictive behaviour Personality Peers Age Stress Media Influences Models of prevention TPB/ HBM Biological psychological Public Health + legislation Types of intervention

3. “Addicted” Brain Prefrontal cortex (PFC) Part of the frontal lobe that is involved in many cognitive functions, including memory, language and decision making. The VTA-NA ‘common reward’ pathway Nucleus Accumbens – (NA) A small region in the forebrain with ancient evolutionary origins, which helps regulate survival drives like food and thirst. Affected by drugs including cocaine, amphetamine, cannabinoids (e.g cannabis) and opioids (e.g. heroin). Ventral Tegmental Area– (VTA) Found in the midbrain, this area produces dopamine and forms part of one of four major dopamine pathways in the brain. Affected by drugs including; nicotine, alcohol and opioids (e.g. heroin). Dopamine movement Amygdala Striatum MDP Pathway

4. PEE – used effectively to fully explain points Define terms (e.g. Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) properly 24 mk Unit 3 A2 Psychology questions...... A01 A02 A03 8 marks 12 marks 4 marks Research support – used to back up points made Issues/debates – integrated into discussion e.g. nature versus nurture Your points = Connect points in your discussion Use scientific language - e.g. “supported by,” “criticised by,” Mention AO3 terms (e.g. reliability, validity, reductionism, etc)

5. Classification & Diagnosis Biochemistry Clinical characteristics Schizophrenia Biological explanations Reliability & Validity Psychological explanations Genetics Biological Therapies Socio-cultural Psychodynamic Behavioural Cognitive Psychological Therapies Drugs CBT ECT Family Therapy Genetics Psychosurgery

6. Main features of science - replicability 1. Application of scientific method A2 Research Methods Scientific process -Popper -Kuhn Peer review 2. Designing investigations 3. Data analysis & reporting of investigations Selection & application of appropriate research methods Reliability Validity Ethics Graph selection Inferential tests -Spearmans Rho -Mann Whitney -Whilcoxon -Chi Squared Statistical testing -effective selection Significance Type 1 & 2 errors Probability Conventions of reporting on investigations