1. EF-Scale Education orientation

2. ObjectivesObjectives You will be briefed on:You will be briefed on: –overall goal of this training –intended audience –the structure of the training –Lesson 1 –Lesson 2 –EFkit –WCM bulletin board –LMS –the role of the WCM and SOO

3. Motivation for this training The Goal of this Training is to effectively integrate the EF-Scale into the post storm damage Assessment.The Goal of this Training is to effectively integrate the EF-Scale into the post storm damage Assessment. The EF-Scale is complex.The EF-Scale is complex. We want to maintain climatological consistency with the past.We want to maintain climatological consistency with the past.

4. We want to avoid repeating this quote in the future “Since 1999, no tornado has been given a F5 rating. This could be that the damage in Oklahoma City has set an unmatched standard for F5 damage, or that the application of more stringent assessment of structures has led to lower damage ratings. Figure 5a and 5b show the difference in FScale ratings between the years 1990-1999 and 2000-2005.” McCarthy, Schaefer and Edwards, 2006: What Are We Doing with (or to) the F- Scale?, 23 rd Conf on Severe Local Storms, St. Louis, MO, 5.6.

5. Intended Audience of EF-Scale Training All NWS employees that participate in damage surveysAll NWS employees that participate in damage surveys WCMs may repurpose the training to people outside the NWS that are interested in helping with surveysWCMs may repurpose the training to people outside the NWS that are interested in helping with surveys –Powerpoints and EFkit available as training materials

6. EF-Scale Collaborative Training Development Continuing a successful strategy Jim McDonald & Kishor Mehtor -TTU Don Burgess – NSSL/OU Dan McCarthy – SPC, Greg Stumpf – NWS MDL Jim LaDue and Ed Mahoney, WDTB Brian Smith, NWS OAX Chris Maier, Mike Smith, Wayne Presnell, OCWWS Plus reviewers Steve Kuhl, NWS DVN Tim Marshall, Haag Engineering

7. The Education Plan EPSSCollaborative forum (WCMs and guests) Two online lessons (All staff to participate in damage surveys)

8. Lesson 1 Comparison of EF and F scaleComparison of EF and F scale –Goal –Learn the advantages of using the EF-Scale and the history behind creating the scale. –Objective: –Objective: 1.Know why the EF-Scale was created. 2.Identify the methodology in creating the EF-Scale. 3.Understand the structure of the EF-Scale. 4.Know the differences between the EF- and F-Scale. 5.Understand the strengths of the EF-Scale. 6.You will know the limitations of the EF-Scale.

9. DI No Damage Indicator (DI) 1 One- Two-family houses 2Trees 3 size of airborne debris 4 Non-reinforced masonry buildings 5 Reinforced concrete structures Damage Indicators residences Commercial/retail structures Schools Professional buildings Metal buildings/canopies Towers/poles vegetation F-scale damage indicators

10. Degrees of Damage DODDamage DescriptionEXPLBUB 1Threshold of visible damage 635380 2Loss of roof covering material (<20%), gutters and/or awning; loss of vinyl or metal siding 796397 3Broken glass in doors and windows 9679114 4Uplift of roof deck and loss of significant roof covering material (>20%); collapse of chimney; garage doors collapse inward or outward; failure of porch or carport 9781116 5Entire house shifts off foundation 121103141 6Large sections of roof structure removed; most walls remain standing 122104142 7exterior walls collapsed 132113153 8Most walls collapsed except small interior rooms. 152127178 9All walls collapsed 170142198 10Destruction of engineered and/or well constructed residence; slab swept clean 200162220 Example DODs for a Framed House DI (FR12 or DI2) Note that the wind speeds and DOD descriptions have been changed for the higher DODs since August 2006 Note some consecutive DODs have larger overlap than others Wind Speed (mph) Objectives: 2, methodology; 3, EF-Scale structure

11. DOD to Wind Speed to EF-Scale EF-Scale Categories Wind Speed Ranges EF065-85 EF1 86-110 86-110 EF2111-135 EF3136-165 EF4166-200 EF5>200 Wind Speed in mph, 3-Second gust Objectives: 3, EF-Scale structure

12. Comparing F- and EF-scales 1234 56789101112 0 Beaufort Scale 1234567890101112 Fujita Scale 0.61.0 Mach Scale B1 B3 B5 B7 B9 B11 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F12 M1.0 M0.6 M0.7 M0.8 B17 EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 0123 45 EF-Scale The EF-scale is a damage scale: speeds were estimated from the damage

13. Lesson 2 Using the EF-Scale to Assess Tornadoes and Tornado DamageUsing the EF-Scale to Assess Tornadoes and Tornado Damage –Goal –Learn the step by step process of assessing tornadoes and tornado damage using the EF-Scale. –Objective: –Objective: 1.Understand the methodology on using the EF-scale to rate an individual Damage Indicator. 2.Given the EFKit and/or the report, you will be able to step through the process of rating a tornado event using the EF-Scale.

14. EF-Scale tools in lesson 2 http://www.spc.noaa.gov/efscale/EFkit URL A Recommendation for the Enhanced Fujita Scale The EFkit

15. FR12: Benchmark Continuous Load Path Failing Exceeding Photographs ©Tim Marshall

16. Case study #1 Hallam, Nebraska 22 May, 2004 Brian E. Smith National Weather Service Valley, NE

17. Case Study #2 Case Study #2 Steve Kuhl National Weather Service Quad Cities IA/IL South of Anamosa, Iowa 13 April, 2006 South of Anamosa, Iowa 13 April, 2006

18. One or Two Family Residences (FR12, DI2) Return to the aerial photo

19. One or Two Family Residences (FR12, DI2) You make the call. DODsDODs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1010 Return to the aerial photo

20. One or Two Family Residences (FR12, DI2) DODsDODs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1010 Return to the aerial photo

21. EF-Scale tools http://www.spc.noaa.gov/efscale/http://wdtb.noaa.gov/courses/ef-scale A Recommendation for the Enhanced Fujita Scale The EFkit

22. EFkit main display Scroll through DIs Scroll through DODs Scroll through examples in the same DOD

23. EFkit DOD page Expected Wind Speed EF rating Scroll between UB and LB

24. Collaborative Environment Online WCM bulletin boardOnline WCM bulletin board –Interface with EF-scale experts –Supports QRT process –Share your findings, experts learn from you https://apps.weather.gov/WCMboard/https://apps.weather.gov/WCMboard/https://apps.weather.gov/WCMboard/

25. Setting up an RSS account in Thunderbird If you do not have an RSS News and Blogs account…If you do not have an RSS News and Blogs account… Click on “tools” menuClick on “tools” menu Click on “account settings”Click on “account settings” Click on “Add Account”Click on “Add Account” Click “Finish” on account wizardClick “Finish” on account wizard Click “OK” on acccount settingsClick “OK” on acccount settings DoneDone

26. Setting up an RSS feed on the WCM Bulletin Board https://apps.weather.gov/WCMboard/smartfeed_url.php Select RSS 2.0

27. Setting up an RSS feed on the WCM Bulletin Board https://apps.weather.gov/WCMboard/smartfeed_url.php Select RSS 2.0 Generate and copy URL

28. Adding the RSS feed into Thunderbird Select RSS News & Blogs in folders window, then click “manage subscriptions”.Select RSS News & Blogs in folders window, then click “manage subscriptions”. Click on the “Add” button.Click on the “Add” button. Paste the RSS URL into the “Feed URL” text box.Paste the RSS URL into the “Feed URL” text box. Click OK, then close RSS subscriptions windows and RSS Account Settings Window.Click OK, then close RSS subscriptions windows and RSS Account Settings Window. It’s done. See what it looks like in Thunderbird next.It’s done. See what it looks like in Thunderbird next.

29. RSS appearance in Thunderbird Fully functional forum page in your e-mail browser

30. LMS and the EF-scale course NWS staff take the course in the LMSNWS staff take the course in the LMS Facilitator Duties (current AWOC facilitator)Facilitator Duties (current AWOC facilitator) –Assign a Learning Path (NWS EF-Scale) –“Complete” the two lessons in the learning path LMS ResourcesLMS Resources –WDTB LMS support page: http://www.wdtb.noaa.gov/LMS/index.asp http://www.wdtb.noaa.gov/LMS/index.asp –http://e-learning.doc.gov

31. Course Completion Requirements Complete the two lessons in the LMS.Complete the two lessons in the LMS. To complete each lesson:To complete each lesson: –Take the post-lesson quiz –Complete the post-lesson survey –Student gets certificate of completion

32. The role of the SOO and WCM Leverage external people in survey support SOO or AWOCfac Monitor in-house training Work with WCM on LMS WCM Ensure damage surveyers complete training Outreach training Interface with experts Collaboration on in-house training

33. TimelineTimeline Nov 01, 2006: EF-Scale training delivery begins Feb 01, 2007: EF-Scale replaces F-Scale M A M J J A S O N D J F DevelopmentDelivery

34. To Summarize EF-scale training is for anyone who would like to assist in damage surveying of tornadoes and wind eventsEF-scale training is for anyone who would like to assist in damage surveying of tornadoes and wind events –NWS staff and outside stakeholders EF-scale training will consist ofEF-scale training will consist of –Two lessons on the LMS –EFkit –Online collaborative forum for WCMs and other interested folks Any NWS damage surveyer must complete the two lessonsAny NWS damage surveyer must complete the two lessons –Outside NWS people should be equivalently exposed to EF-scale training

35. Summary: contd The SOO/AWOCfac works with the WCM to train NWS staffThe SOO/AWOCfac works with the WCM to train NWS staff The WCM has the power to train external interested people in the EF-scale and damage surveyingThe WCM has the power to train external interested people in the EF-scale and damage surveying NWS encourages outside support in damage surveyingNWS encourages outside support in damage surveying Online EF-scale site at WDTBOnline EF-scale site at WDTB –http://www.wdtb.noaa.gov/courses/ef-scale/ http://www.wdtb.noaa.gov/courses/ef-scale/