1. Mir Space Station Presented By: David Garnetti

2. Brief History of Mir The first space shuttle docked with Mir in 1986 The first space shuttle docked with Mir in 1986 Completed construction of space station in 1996 Completed construction of space station in 1996 Continuously occupied until August 1999 Continuously occupied until August 1999 Fell out of orbit in March 2001 Fell out of orbit in March 2001

3. The Purpose Mir translates into “peace” “world” “village” Mir translates into “peace” “world” “village” –Literally Mir refers to the Russian peasant own land granted by the Edict of Emancipation of 1861 To perform zero gravity experiments To perform zero gravity experiments To make observations of earth, space, and biological effects of prolonged space flight To make observations of earth, space, and biological effects of prolonged space flight Peaceful world collaboration Peaceful world collaboration

4. Mir’s Modules Core: Living quarters and station control Core: Living quarters and station control Kvant I: Observed physics of space Kvant I: Observed physics of space Kvant II: Crew showers, earth and biological experiments Kvant II: Crew showers, earth and biological experiments Kristall: Semiconductor and biological experiments Kristall: Semiconductor and biological experiments Spektr: Living and work area for American Astronauts Spektr: Living and work area for American Astronauts Priroda: Earth remote sensing Priroda: Earth remote sensing Docking Module: Safe stable port for space shuttles Docking Module: Safe stable port for space shuttles

5. Mir’s Layout The station resembled four school buses connected to each other at 90 degree angles with a two more sections perpendicular to the other four The station resembled four school buses connected to each other at 90 degree angles with a two more sections perpendicular to the other four

6. Mir Core Module Launched Feb. 1986 Launched Feb. 1986 13.1 meters long; 20.4 tons, 90 cubic meters habitable volume 13.1 meters long; 20.4 tons, 90 cubic meters habitable volume Contained primary living and working area, life support and power, as well as the main computer, communications and control equipment Contained primary living and working area, life support and power, as well as the main computer, communications and control equipment one docking port for space craft and four radial berthing ports, set at 90 degree one docking port for space craft and four radial berthing ports, set at 90 degree

9. Kvant I Launched 1987; 4 by 13 meters, 11.5 tons, 40 meters pressurized volume Launched 1987; 4 by 13 meters, 11.5 tons, 40 meters pressurized volume Attached to the Core Module Attached to the Core Module Provided research in the physics of galaxies, quasars, and neutron stars Provided research in the physics of galaxies, quasars, and neutron stars –measured electromagnetic spectra and x-ray emissions. Also supported biotechnology experiments Also supported biotechnology experiments

10. Kvant II Launched 1989; 4.3 by 13.7 meters; 19.6 tons; 61.3 cubic meters; and 27.4 meter solar array Launched 1989; 4.3 by 13.7 meters; 19.6 tons; 61.3 cubic meters; and 27.4 meter solar array Enhanced drinking water and oxygen provisions, motion control systems, power distribution, and contained washing facilities Enhanced drinking water and oxygen provisions, motion control systems, power distribution, and contained washing facilities Provided biological research and earth observations Provided biological research and earth observations

11. Kristall Module Launched 1990; 4.3 by 11.9 meters; 19.5 tons; 60.8 cubic meters; 36 meter solar array Launched 1990; 4.3 by 11.9 meters; 19.5 tons; 60.8 cubic meters; 36 meter solar array Developed biological and materials production technologies in the space environment. Developed biological and materials production technologies in the space environment. –semi-conductors, cellular substances and medicines. Supported astrophysical and technical experiments Supported astrophysical and technical experiments

12. Spektr Module Launched 1995; 4.4 by 12 meters; 19.5 tons; 62 cubic meters; 4 solar arrays Launched 1995; 4.4 by 12 meters; 19.5 tons; 62 cubic meters; 4 solar arrays American living quarters of Mir American living quarters of Mir Contained 1600 lbs of U.S. equipment Contained 1600 lbs of U.S. equipment Mainly used for earth observation of natural resources and the atmosphere. Mainly used for earth observation of natural resources and the atmosphere. Also supported biotechnology, life sciences, materials science and space technologies research Also supported biotechnology, life sciences, materials science and space technologies research

13. Priroda Module Last Module; Launched 1996; 4.3 by 13 meters; 19 tons; 66 cubic meters Last Module; Launched 1996; 4.3 by 13 meters; 19 tons; 66 cubic meters Mainly used for earth remote sensing Mainly used for earth remote sensing –weather; ocean-atmosphere systems; land, mineral and crop conditions; mankind's impacts and opportunities in the environment. Also collected info from buoys in nuclear power, seismically dangerous, and other zones, Also collected info from buoys in nuclear power, seismically dangerous, and other zones, –to create an integrated monitoring and warning system

16. Docking Module Allowed for a space shuttle to dock safely with the station Allowed for a space shuttle to dock safely with the station Attached to the end of the Kristall section Attached to the end of the Kristall section

18. Soyuz Length 7 meters; 7100 kg; 10 cubic meters Length 7 meters; 7100 kg; 10 cubic meters Manned spacecraft that can ferry up to three crewmembers to and from Mir. Manned spacecraft that can ferry up to three crewmembers to and from Mir. Can be used as an escape pod for the crew Can be used as an escape pod for the crew

19. Progress Supply Vehicle 8 by 2.7 meters; 6.6 cubic meters; can carry up 2500 kg of supplies 8 by 2.7 meters; 6.6 cubic meters; can carry up 2500 kg of supplies Unmanned, automated version of the Soyuz Unmanned, automated version of the Soyuz Designed to supply the space station Designed to supply the space station

21. Finished Space Station Was the largest spacecraft with total weight of 250 tons Was the largest spacecraft with total weight of 250 tons The size of six school buses The size of six school buses Avg. Speed: 17,885 mph Avg. Speed: 17,885 mph Orbited approx: 250 mi. above the earth Orbited approx: 250 mi. above the earth Housed over 100 cosmonauts, astronauts, and international crew members Housed over 100 cosmonauts, astronauts, and international crew members Over 75 space walks; 325+ hours Over 75 space walks; 325+ hours

22. Achievements of the Mir 16,500 experiments 16,500 experiments 600 new technologies 600 new technologies Stayed in orbit for 15 years Stayed in orbit for 15 years –3 times its planned lifetime 16 orbits everyday 16 orbits everyday –Approx: 87,600 total orbits

23. Achievements of the Mir First crop of wheat to be grown from seed to seed in outer space First crop of wheat to be grown from seed to seed in outer space Provided data on the biological effects of long term space flight Provided data on the biological effects of long term space flight –Cosmonaut Valery Polyakov spent 438 consecutive days in space MEEP: Mir Environmental Effects Payload MEEP: Mir Environmental Effects Payload

24. Flaws and Accidents Never was able to maintain a adequate system for the stowage of refuse Never was able to maintain a adequate system for the stowage of refuse Towards the end of operations Mir would experience power outages and environmental fluctuations “regularly” Towards the end of operations Mir would experience power outages and environmental fluctuations “regularly” June 1997 a Progress shuttle collided with the Spektr module June 1997 a Progress shuttle collided with the Spektr module –Spektr became decompressurized and had to be sealed

25. The Deorbit of Mir With a failing Russian economy and construction of the International Space Station, Russia decided to deorbit Mir With a failing Russian economy and construction of the International Space Station, Russia decided to deorbit Mir Mir fell into the South Pacific near New Zealand on March 23, 2001 Mir fell into the South Pacific near New Zealand on March 23, 2001

26. After Mir Currently the International Space Station is manned and orbiting the earth Currently the International Space Station is manned and orbiting the earth

27. Sources http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle- mir/spacecraft/s-mir.htm http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle- mir/spacecraft/s-mir.htm http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle- mir/spacecraft/s-mir.htm http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle- mir/spacecraft/s-mir.htm http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/ http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/ http://www.russianspaceweb.com/mir.html http://www.russianspaceweb.com/mir.html http://www.russianspaceweb.com/mir.html

28. Questions?