1. ORTHODONTIC SEMINAR (INTRODUCTION TO URA & DESIGN) Nur Fadhila Mahadi Nurul Asmat Abdul Rahman Mohd Hanif

2. Removable appliance A device placed inside the mouth to correct or alleviate malocclusion and designed to be removed or replaced by the patient. – Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. © 2009, Elsevier. Best used in simple malocclusions where only tipping of teeth is required Cannot be used routinely in the lower arch because they encroach on tongue space and retention is poor.

3. Classification Removable appliance Active (produce tooth movement/growt h modification) Mechanical appliances Functional appliances PassiveRetainer Space maintainer

4. Function/Role Interceptive treatment during mixed dentition – Eg : crossbite correction space maintainer expansion to reopen space Facilitate of distal movement of the molars using headgear. As an adjunct to fixed appliance tx. – Eg : anterior bite planes for overbite reduction Maxillary restrain – Eg: maxillary intrusion splint Assess motivation and compliance before more complex tx.

5. Indication Growth modification during mixed dentition Limited (tipping) tooth movements desired (arch expansion, individual tooth mal position). Retention following orthodontic treatment Adjunct to fixed orthodontic appliances, Interfere with (or prevent the development of) abnormal orofacial habits

6. Contraindication Severe skeletal discrepancy Upper and lower arch correlate treatment Severe rotation Bodily movement needed Vertical discrepancy Severe crowding Very dense bone

7. Advantages Removable for social function Suitable for simple malocclusion Smaller anchorage requirement Uncompromised oral hygiene Short chair-side time Ease of adjustment Require less training for management

8. Disadvantages Dependent on patient compliance Less precise control of tooth movement Unable to perform complex tooth movement Difficult to control space closure Fewer tooth movement More difficult to correct rotation Affect speech Retention poor in lower arch Prone to breakage and loss

9. Design Must begin with a detailed plan of the tooth movement that is to be carried out in the course of the treatment of a particular case.

10. URA DESIGN ELEMENTS RETENTIVE Clasp ANCHORAGE Simple Reciprocal Stationary Intermaxillary BASEPLATE Heat cure Cold cure Autoresin ACTIVE Springs Screws Elastics

11. Thank you