1. Form a coalition You will need one—one size does not fit all

2. What is a coalition? A temporary alliance of groups working to achieve a common purpose It is designed to build power to accomplish something that no one group can accomplish on its own Do you need one?

3. Advantages & Disadvantages Build power Broaden support Increase resources – Time, people, money, connections, etc Increase legitimacy Diverse perspectives Affirmation by association Slow moving Decision-making can be difficult Time intensive Lowest common denominator politics Only as strong as weakest link Differing approaches to advocacy can be difficult to manage Guilt by association

4. Principles of Coalition Choose a unifying purpose (a mission) Understand and respect institutional self-interest & internal processes of all Groups Agree to Disagree (make a process for dealing with this) Recognize contributions vary Structure decision making carefully Help each other achieve their self-interests Distribute credit fairly Play to the center with tactics

5. Types of coalitions Endorsement – A list of supporting organizations – May not be asked to do much else Associate (informal— e.g. Friends Groups) – Members play a small but active roll in campaign – Decision making remains with a main group, or informal team – http://www.friendsofshenandoahmountain.org/ http://www.friendsofshenandoahmountain.org/ Partner (formal) – Decision making is shared – Two types Collective—reps meet often to shape campaign Separate or new Group is formed to run campaign http://www.protectwildutah.org/

6. Associate

7. Partner

8. Analyze the situation Constraints Opportunities Audiences Informal conversations and networking – Increases understanding of the situation

9. Analyze the politics What are the political realities? – Congressional (House and senate) Who are likely – Supporters – Opponents – Persuadable At first glance are you in an “offensive” or a “defensive” position

10. Analyze the grassroots What is the cultural landscape? – Perceptions of local communities – Stakeholder interests (who and what) – Who else is organized—formal? – Local Opinion leaders Local politics— – Adjacent counties – Cities Identify likely allies – These are potential “coalition” partners – or supporters

11. Be strategic Don’t just form a coalition Know why you are doing so, and what kind you are creating May want to talk to congressional leaders – Find out what they are willing to support under what conditions – Are you ready to talk to them yet? That depends

12. Building a coalition: Networking Continue networking (be smart) – Lose lips sink ships – Can you trust the groups and people you are talking to? Build relationships through informal networking – Start with club leaders and members – Start with most trusted groups (similar issues focus) Forest Planning Process and public hearings are a great places to do some networking Think Strategically—what does the potential partner bring to the table

13. Listen! Speak so others want to listen; listen so others want to speak Listening is an ACTIVE PROCESS – Ask Non-Confrontational questions – Ask clarifying questions – Paraphrase what you are hearing—find out if you are hearing what you think you are

14. Maintenance The key is relationship building Trust develops over time—if it is earned Open and honest communication is essential

15. Sierra Club and Coalitions There is a rigorous “formal” process for participation in formal coalition There is a formal process for participation in “informal” coalitions

16. How do we know what kind of Coalition to build? What strategic concerns are there? – Public Campaign? – Not so public Campaign? What logistical concerns are there? Who should be invited? – Based on what?

17. “It is usually critical that you take a multiple- use approach to saving your riding area. We cannot have user disagreements and conflicts arise when it comes time for public testimony... Eliminate these possibilities early on by having all users working together.”

18. What does the Sierra Club Bring to the table? ProsCons