1. Technology In Action Chapter 11 1 Databases and… Databases and their uses Database components Types of databases Database management systems Relational databases Data warehouses and data marts Information systems Data mining NEXT SLIDE

2. Technology In Action Chapter 11 2 Databases Electronic collections of related data Help us organize data Turn data into information NEXT SLIDE

3. Technology In Action Chapter 11 3 Advantages of Using Databases Store and retrieve large quantities of information Data centralization Data integrity Flexibility Student housing Financial Aid Recording grades Student Registration Parents Student Information Database NEXT SLIDE

4. Technology In Action Chapter 11 4 Database Terminology Field: –Category of information displayed in columns Data types: –Text –Numeric –Date –Memo –Object –Hyperlink Field Name One Field NEXT SLIDE

5. Technology In Action Chapter 11 5 Database Terminology Record Table Primary Key Record: –A group of related fields Table: –A group of related records Primary key: –A field value unique to a record NEXT SLIDE

6. Technology In Action Chapter 11 6 Database Types Relational databases: –Organize data in a table –Link tables to each other through their primary keys Object-oriented databases: –Stores data in objects –Handles unstructured data Object-relational databases: –A hybrid of a relational and object-oriented database NEXT SLIDE

7. Technology In Action Chapter 11 7 Database Management Systems (DBMS) Application software designed to acquire and analyze data Four main operations of a DBMS are: –Creating databases and entering dataCreating databases and entering data –Viewing and sorting dataViewing and sorting data –Extracting dataExtracting data –Outputting dataOutputting data NEXT SLIDE

8. Technology In Action Chapter 11 8 Creating Databases and Entering Data JasonAlexander123 Elm St.AnywhereUS12345 Create field names: –Identify each type of data –Data dictionary Create individual records: –Key-in –Import Data validation: –Validation rules –Completeness check

9. Technology In Action Chapter 11 9 Viewing and Sorting Data Browse through records Sort records by field name Before sort After sort

10. Technology In Action Chapter 11 10 Extracting or Querying Data Query: –A question or inquiry –Provides records based on criteria –Structured query language (SQL) Query Wizard Results SQL

11. Technology In Action Chapter 11 11 Outputting Data Reports: –Printed –Summary data reports Export data

12. Technology In Action Chapter 11 12 Relational Database Operations Relational databases organize data into tables based on logical groupings Relationships are links between tables with related data Common fields between tables need to exist Normalization of data (recording data once) reduces data redundancy NEXT SLIDE

13. Technology In Action Chapter 11 13 Data Storage Data warehouses: –A large scale repository of data –Organizes all the data related to an organization –Data is organized by subject NEXT SLIDE

14. Technology In Action Chapter 11 14 Data marts Small slices of data Data of a single department Data warehouse illustration Source data Internal External Customers Data staging Extract data from source Reformat the data Store the data Populating Data Warehouses NEXT SLIDE

15. Technology In Action Chapter 11 15 Data Warehouse Source Data (Internal & External Sources) Supplier Database Web Users Clickstream Data Data Staging Data Marts Information Systems (To Extract Data) Customer Order Database Billing Database Data Reformatting Sales Department Data Mart Customer Service Data Mart

16. Technology In Action Chapter 11 16 Managing Data: Information Systems Information systems: –Software-based solutions used to gather and analyze information Functions performed by information systems include: –Acquiring data –Processing data into information –Storing data –Providing output options NEXT SLIDE

17. Technology In Action Chapter 11 17 Information Systems Categories Office support Transaction processing Management Decision support NEXT SLIDE

18. Technology In Action Chapter 11 18 Office Support Systems (OSS) Assist employees in day-to-day tasks Improve communications Microsoft Office

19. Technology In Action Chapter 11 19 Transaction Processing Systems (TSS) Keeps track of everyday business activities Batch processing Real-time processing Step 1: Consumer places an order Step 2: Clerk takes order Details of Order: Item# Quantity Price Delivery Address Step 3: Order details entered into TPS Telephone Order Transaction Processing Cycle Step 4: Shipping department processes order Step 5: Billing department processes payment

20. Technology In Action Chapter 11 20 Management Information Systems (MIS) Provides timely and accurate information for managers to make business decisions Detail report: –Transactions that occur during a period of time Summary report: –Consolidate detailed data Exception report: –Show unusual conditions

21. Technology In Action Chapter 11 21 Decision Support Systems (DSS) Help managers develop solutions for specific problems Internal & External Data Sources Current Sales Data Current Customer Demographics Purchased Customer List Internal Data Management Systems (Databases, Data Marts, Data Warehouses) Decision Support System Internal Models External Models Model Management System Knowledge- Based Systems User Interface System

22. Technology In Action Chapter 11 22 Data Mining Process by which data are analyzed and investigated Objective is to spot patterns or trends within the data NEXT SLIDE

23. Technology In Action Chapter 11 23 Data Mining Methods Classification: –Define data classes Estimation: –Assign a value to data Affinity grouping or association rules: –Determine which data goes together Clustering: –Organize data into subgroups Description and visualization: –Provides a clear picture of what is happening NEXT SLIDE