1. Analytical Thinking and Writing In All Subject Areas Expository Text Structure: Goal-Action-Outcome (procedure/process, sequential/ chronological order, order of importance)

2. What does a goal-action- outcome text look like? A goal-action-outcome text either tells the reader how to do something or describes how something is done. A process is a series of actions leading to an expected or planned outcome.

3. Tool for Goal-Action-Outcome Thinking and Writing Goal Steps in the Process Outcome

4. Order of Operations for Essay Writing Begin with your topic. Brainstorm on a Thinking Map, jot list, etc. Analyze and summarize information on the Thinking Map, etc. to determine your thesis statement. Use information on Thinking Map, etc. to determine supporting ideas and write topic sentence for each idea. Find supporting evidence to explain supporting ideas in detail in the body paragraphs. Incorporate transitions to combine and explain your ideas. Write your hook (tells why we care, states thesis). Write your conclusion (rewrite the thesis, revisit main points from body paragraphs and hook).

5. Using the Writing Order of Operations in Science 1.Begin with a topic: Describe the steps in the digestive process.

6. 2. Brainstorm on a Flow Map. Goal Steps in the Process Outcome Digestion of cheeseburger mouth teethsaliva esophagusstomach pepsin Hydrolic acid Small intestines Most nutrients have been absorbed and the rest is eliminated

7. 3. Analyze the Flow Map to determine a thesis statement. Goal Steps in the Process Outcome Digestion of cheeseburger mouth teethsaliva esophagusstomach pepsin Hydrolic acid Small intestines Most nutrients have been absorbed and the rest is eliminated Summary: Digestion is a long, complicated process resulting in the absorption of nutrients to keep the human body healthy.

8. 4. Create a thesis statement based on the analysis of the Flow Map. THESIS: The digestive process is important in maintaining the lives of living organisms and in providing them with needed energy. Remember: The thesis statement is the most important element of the essay!

9. Tips for Writing a Goal-Action-Outcome Essay Introduction Hook (How will this goal-action-outcome help someone better understand how something is done AND why doing it is important in the big picture) Thesis statement (articulates a clear goal)

10. The Body Writers need solid supporting ideas to develop an argument. Each paragraph should be focused on a single idea that supports the thesis. HOWEVER, write as many paragraphs as needed to support the thesis.

11. The Body What process are you trying to explain? Why is it important? Who or what does the process affect? Are there different ways of doing the process? Who are your readers? What knowledge do they need to understand this process? What skills/equipment are needed for this process to be completed? How long does the process take? Is the outcome always the same? How many steps are there and why is each step important? What difficulties are involved in each step and how can they be overcome? If needed, tell what should not be done or why something should be done.

12. IMPORTANT! Clarity is critical! When writing a goal-action- outcome essay, the reader should be able to replicate the process or visualize it well enough to explain it to someone else.

13. Goal-Action-Outcome Transition Words accomplish as soon as effects are achieving purpose is steps results meanwhile action plan begin process first next finally goal preceding procedure

14. The Essay’s Conclusion Rewrite the thesis statement using different wording and/or; Revisit the main points from the body paragraphs and/or; End on some memorable thought, such as a relevant quotation, interesting twist of logic, or some call to action that is related to the hook.