1. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1 Overview of four tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues. Nervous tissue: Internal communication Brain, spinal cord, and nerves Muscle tissue: Contracts to cause movement Muscles attached to bones (skeletal) Muscles of heart (cardiac) Muscles of walls of hollow organs (smooth) Epithelial tissue: Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters Skin surface (epidermis) Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs Connective tissue: Supports, protects, binds other tissues together Bones Tendons Fat and other soft padding tissue

2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1a Types of epithelial tissues. (1 of 2)

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1a Types of epithelial tissues. (2 of 2)

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1b Types of epithelial tissues.

5. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.5 Types of multicellular exocrine glands. (DON’T NEED TO KNOW DETAILS) Compound duct structure (duct branches) Simple tubular Example Intestinal glands Simple branched tubular Example Stomach (gastric) glands Compound tubular Example Duodenal glands of small intestine Compound alveolar Example Mammary glands Simple alveolar Example No important example in humans Simple branched alveolar Example Sebaceous (oil) glands Compound tubuloalveolar Example Salivary glands Tubular secretory structure Alveolar secretory structure Surface epitheliumDuctSecretory epithelium Simple duct structure (duct does not branch)

6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Nuclei of simple squamous cell Red blood cells Lumen of venule

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8. Simple squamous cells

9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Simple squamous cellNucleus

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11. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.3c Epithelial tissues. (c) Simple columnar epithelium Description: Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cilia; layer may contain mucus- secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells). Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action. Location: Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus. Photomicrograph: Simple columnar epithelium of the stomach mucosa (860X). Simple columnar epithelial cell Basement membrane

12. Microvilli NucleusSimple columnar cell

13. Goblet cell Microvilli

14. Goblet cells (secreting)Simple columnar epithelial cells

15. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.4 Goblet cell (unicellular exocrine gland). (b)(a) Microvilli Secretory vesicles containing mucin Golgi apparatus Rough ER Nucleus

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19. Figure 4.3 Fibrous connective tissue. (DON’T NEED TO KNOW THE CELL TYPES, EXCEPT FOR FIBROBLAST.)

20. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 4.1 Types of connective tissues

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23. Dense irregular connective tissue Collagen fibers

24. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.8e Connective tissues. (e) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense irregular Description: Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast. Function: Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength. Location: Fibrous capsules of organs and of joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract. Photomicrograph: Dense irregular connective tissue from the dermis of the skin (400x). Collagen fibers Nuclei of fibroblasts Fibrous joint capsule

25. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.8f Connective tissues. (f) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, elastic Description: Dense regular connective tissue containing a high proportion of elastic fibers. Function: Allows recoil of tissue following stretching; maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration. Location: Walls of large arteries; within certain ligaments associated with the vertebral column; within the walls of the bronchial tubes. Elastic fibers Aorta Heart Photomicrograph: Elastic connective tissue in the wall of the aorta (250x).

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28. Figure 4.5a Examples of special connective tissues.

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33. Figure 4.5b Examples of special connective tissues.

34. Covering and lining membranes Epithelial –Cutaneous (skin) –Mucous (body cavities that open to the exterior –Serous (closed body cavities) Synovial (connective tissue)

35. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.11 Classes of membranes. Cutaneous membrane (skin Mucosa of nasal cavity Mucosa of lung bronchi Mucosa of mouth Esophagus lining Parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium (a) Cutaneous membrane (the skin) covers the body surface. (b) Mucous membranes line body cavities open to the exterior. (c) Serous membranes line body cavities closed to the exterior. Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum Parietal pleura Visceral pleura

36. Synovial membranes Connective tissue, not epithelial Lines synovial cavities, which are fluid-filled (joints)