1. Using Space Science on Earth Chapter 2, Section 4 p58-62

2. The Challenges of Space Space conditions very different from Earth conditions – Near vacuum – Extreme temperatures – Microgravity

3. The Challenges of Space Vacuum – Vacuum: place empty of all matter Only a few atoms and molecules – Spacecraft must be airtight to protect astronauts No air = no oxygen to breathe

4. The Challenges of Space Extreme temperatures – Spacecraft must be well insulated to protect astronauts No air = nothing to hold sun’s heat – Direct sunlight heat spacecraft to high temperatures – Shadows cool spacecraft to very low temperatures

5. The Challenges of Space Microgravity – Microgravity: feeling of weightlessness astronauts experience in orbit Mass remains constant Weight measures zero – Gravity still pulling Earth’s gravity holds astronauts in orbit Inertia keep astronauts moving forward “Falling” around the Earth

6. The Challenges of Space Microgravity – Systems & devices must be able to work Drink containers – Designed so contents don’t float off People – Long periods can cause health problems

7. Space Spinoffs Space spinoff: an item originally developed for use in space but has uses on Earth – The space program has developed thousands of products that affect many aspects of modern society including: Consumer products New materials Medical devices Communications satellites – Often modified somewhat for use on Earth

8. Space Spinoffs Consumer Products – Joystick controller Space use: operate lunar rover on moon Earth use: video games; wheelchairs – Bar codes Space use: keep inventory of many spacecraft parts Earth use: price & info on products you buy – Cordless power tools Space use: no power outlets in space Earth use: convenient no needing outlets

9. Space Spinoffs Other Consumer Products – Scratch resistant lenses – Freeze dried foods – Shock absorbing helmets – Smoke detectors

10. Space Spinoffs New Materials – Memory metals Metals that “remember” their shape when bent Flexible metal eyeglass frames – Composite materials Light, strong spacecraft components Tennis rackets & golf clubs – Shock absorbing materials Astronaut moon boots Athletic shoes

11. Space Spinoffs New Materials (continued) – Clear, ceramic material Tough materials for spacecraft “Invisible” dental braces – Highly efficient insulating materials Protect spacecraft against radiation Used in houses, cars, trucks – Fire resistant material Developed for spacesuits Used in fireproof clothing and firefighter suits

12. Space Spinoffs Medical Devices – Devices use lasers to clean clogged arteries – Long-life batteries Used in space power systems Used in pacemakers – Computer-aided imaging techniques Developed for use on moon during Apollo missions Used in hospitals

13. Space Spinoffs Others – Fog-free lenses Used in Apollo helmet now used in ski goggles – Bicycle helmet NASA helped design lightweight helmet with vents – Metal alloy of nickel & titanium Used for space antennas now used in dental braces – Miniature parts Developed for space now used in artificial limbs

14. Satellites Satellites are used for: – Communications Relay television signals from one place to another Relay telephone signals and computer data – Collecting weather data – Collecting other scientific data

15. Satellites Observation satellites collect data – Track weather systems – Map Earth’s surface – Observe changes in Earth’s environment – Produce images from collected data Remote sensing: collection of information about Earth and other space objects without being in direct contact – Vegetation patterns – Amount of rainfall over wide area – Oil deposits underground

16. Satellites Satellites placed in different orbits – Geostationary orbit: satellite that orbits Earth at the same rate as Earth rotates staying over the same place on Earth at all times Most communication satellites

17. Homework Read Chapter 2, Section 4, p58-62 Answer ?s 1-3 p62