1. Muscular and Nervous Tissue Chapter 4.3 Human Anatomy & Physiology

2. Muscular Tissue Function Contraction Attachment by tendons to bones for movement Movement: Voluntary and involuntary

4. Muscular Tissue Appearance – striated (striped) –Alternating light and dark bands Location – Usually attached to skeleton Each cell has a nucleus that is centrally located

5. Types of Muscular Tissue Types A. Skeletal B. Smooth C. Cardiac

6. Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Appearance: striated Location: Attached primarily to bones Control: Voluntary (conscious) Contracts quickly, tires easily (fatigable) Allows for wide range of forces to be generated

7. Skeletal Muscle Tissue - 400X

8. Smooth Muscle Appearance: spindle- shaped Location: wall of hollow organs –example: Intestines, urinary bladder, ureters, urinary bladder, blood vessels Control: Involuntary Contracts rhythmically and quickly, tires easily (fatigable) Allows for wide range of forces to be generated

9. Smooth Muscle

10. Smooth Muscle Tissue - 400X

11. Cardiac Muscle Has features of both skeletal and smooth muscle - Strong contractions and striated appearance is similar to skeletal muscle - Involuntary control and rhythmic contraction is similar to smooth muscle

12. Appearance: striated and branched (like skeletal muscle) Location: heart Function: contraction of heart pumps blood and causes the heartbeat Control: Involuntary (like smooth muscle)

13. Cardiac Muscle Tissue - 400X

14. Nervous Tissue The ultimate control of all the organ systems is done by the nervous system. –The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli.

15. Nervous Tissue Found: brain, spinal cord, has specialized cells The cells that transmit these impulses are called neurons.

17. Structure of a Neuron Axon terminals Myelin sheath Cell body Nodes Axon Dendrites Nucleus

18. Neuron Structure The largest part of a typical neuron is the cell body. It contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm.

19. Neuron Structure Dendrites extend from the cell body and carry impulses from the environment toward the cell body.

20. Neuron Structure The axon is the long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body.

21. Neuron Structure The axon is sometimes surrounded by an insulating membrane called the myelin sheath.

23. Neuron Structure There are gaps in the myelin sheath, called nodes, where the membrane is exposed. Impulses jump from one node to the next.