1. Animal Digestion and Nutrition

2. Nutritional Requirements  Undernourished –not enough calories  Overnourished –too many calories  Malnourished –missing one or more essential nutrients

3. Nutritional Requirements

4. Essential Nutrients  Essential Amino Acids  Essential Fatty Acids  Essential Vitamins  Essential Minerals

5. Essential Amino Acids  Found in proteins –20 different types  Nine essential in humans  all in animal proteins  vegetarians need to eat grains and beans

7. Essential Fatty Acids  Unsaturated fatty acids –used to make phospholipids for membranes

8. Essential Vitamins  Fat Soluble –stored in fat –K, A, D, E  Water Soluble –excreted in urine –B complex and C

9. Essential Minerals  Inorganic nutrients –Calcium & Phosphorous  bones –Iron  anemia –Iodine  thyroid hormones –Sodium, Chlorine, & Potassium  nerve function, water regulation

10. Food Pyramid

11. Carbohydrates  Simple Sugars  Complex Carbohydrates –Starches –Fibers

12. Carbohydrates  Glycemic Load –Low 10 –High 20  Glycemic Index  Low below 55  High above 55

13. Nutrition Label

14. Digestive System  Pharynx  Esophagus  Stomach  Small Intestine  Large Instestine

15. Mammalian Digestion  Accessory Glands –salivary glands –pancreas –liver (emulsification) –gallbladder  Peristalsis  Sphincters  “Food”  bolus  acid chyme  feces

16. Macromolecule Digestion

17. Digestive Tracts  Carnivores –shorter digestive system –small cecum  Herbivores –longer digestive system –large cecum