1. Chapter 16
Speeches to Inform

2. Section 1: Speeches that Instruct, Inform, and Clarify
Types of Informative Speeches

3. public lecture – person is invited to lecture as result of special interest or expertise.

4. status report – knowledgeable person gives report to group indicating what has been accomplished so far and what plans exist for the future.

5. briefing – telling group about changes in policy or procedure.

6. fireside chat – group leader addresses concerns, worries, and issues of the moment. (Franklin Roosevelt below)

7. Many informative speeches are followed by Q & A session.
chalk talk – speaker relies on visual aid to show something to the group.
Many informative speeches are followed by Q & A session.

8. The Six Cs of Informative Speaking
Be Clear
define new words to audience
make distinctions (what something is and what it is not)
Be Concise
avoid redundancy
don’t be too wordy
choose the best word for the meaning you intend
Be Complete
Tell the audience how many points you will make and then use words like “first”, “second”, “third”, so they will know when you are finished
Advance organizers – statements that forecast what the audience can expect
Have a plan (outline) and use transitions so your audience can follow
Be Correct
check & double-check your facts
identify your sources
Be Concrete
be specific rather than general
talk about people, places, and things rather than general ideas
give concrete examples of what you’re talking about
Connect
analyze your audience
use a checklist
how many people will be present? What will be the ages of most of the people in the audience? Will the audience be mostly male, female, or mixed?
What are their interests, attitudes, and beliefs?
What do they know about the subject?
What is their attitude toward it?
cultural literacy – the information that an average American citizen can be expected to know

9. Turning a Subject into a Speech
Find a Subject
Personal Experience
Observations
Surveys
Narrow Your Subject
Limit your subject in time
Limit your subject in space
Limit your subject in extent
Limit your subject using the principle of divide and conquer
State Your Thesis
thesis – a positive statement about your topic
Support Your Thesis
Facts
Everyone loves a story
Quotable quotes
Defining your terms
Descriptions
Topics
Thesis
Teenagers and fads
The slang teenagers use often comes from the latest popular movies.
Healthy lifestyles
Eating five servings of fruits and vegetables each day can dramatically reduce your chances of getting cancer.
Famous musicians
Beethoven’s hearing loss may actually have helped him compose music.

10. Audio and Visual Aids Two-Dimensional Visual Aids Projections
Photographs, Drawings, and Cartoons
Graphic Representations
Chalkboard aids
Handouts
Projections
Overhead projector
Slides
Videotape
Three-Dimensional Visual Aids
Models
Cutaways
Sound Recordings
Guidelines for Using Aids
be sure the aid is large enough to be seen or loud enough to be heard
be sure the aid contributes to the idea being presented. If you can get along without it, don’t use it. It takes time away from the rest of your presentation.
don’t stand in front of the aid.
talk to your listeners, not to the visual aid.
keep any visual aid out of sight until you are ready to use it, and then put it away again when you have finished.
don’t overdo a good thing. A long succession of slides or charts can become boring.
remember Murphy’s Law – if something can go wrong, it will. Have a backup plan in case your equipment fails
Practice, practice, practice.

11. Pop Quiz List the five types of informative speeches.
List the six Cs of informative speaking.
List four ways to narrow your speech subject.