1. Four Types of Presentations
Impromptu
Extemporaneous
Scripted
Memorized
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

2. Four Audiences for Oral Presentations
Colleagues in your organization
Clients and customers
Fellow professionals at technical conferences
The public
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

3. Steps in Preparing an Oral Presentation
Assess the speaking situation.
How much does the audience know?
Are you attempting to inform or inform and persuade?
What are their attitudes towards your topic?
How much time do you have?
Prepare an outline or note cards.
Prepare presentation graphics.
Rehearse the presentation.
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

4. Five Characteristics of Effective Graphics
Visibility
Legibility
18-point font
20-point font
24-point font
Stick with sans-serif fonts
Simplicity
Clarity
Correctness
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

5. Four Aspects to Consider in Planning Your Graphics
Length of the presentation
Audience aptitude and experience
Size and layout of the room
Equipment
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

6. Basic Media for Oral Presentations
Computer presentations
Slide projector
Overhead projector
Chalkboard or other hard writing surface
Objects
Handouts
For details see table in text p
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

7. Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's
Delivering an Oral Presentation is More Challenging than Writing a Document for Two Reasons:
Listeners can't go back to listen again to something they didn't understand.
Because you are speaking live, you must maintain your listeners' attention, even if they are hungry or tired or the room is too hot.
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

8. Use Language to Alert Your Listeners to:
Advance organizers
Summaries
Transitions
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

9. Three Techniques to Help Make a Lasting Impression on Your Audience
Involve the audience.
Refer to people, not to abstractions.
Use interesting facts, figures, and quotations.
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

10. Rehearsing an Extemporaneous Presentation
First stage – concentrate on content
Second stage – concentrate on flow and timing
Third stage – concentrate on style
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

11. In Giving the Oral Presentation:
Calm your nerves.
Use your voice effectively.
Use your body effectively.
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

12. Three Facts about Nervousness
You are much more aware of your nervousness than the audience is.
Nervousness gives you energy and enthusiasm.
After a few minutes, your nervousness will pass.
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

13. Points to Consider When You Get Nervous before a Presentation
Realize that you are prepared.
Realize that the audience is there to hear you, not to judge you.
Realize that your audience is made up of individual people who happen to be sitting in the same room.
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

14. Strategies for Dealing with Nervousness before a Presentation
Walk around.
Go off by yourself for a few minutes.
Talk with someone for a few minutes.
Take several deep breaths, exhaling slowly.
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

15. Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's
Inexperienced Speakers Often Have Problems with Five Aspects of Vocalizing:
Volume
Speed
Pitch
Articulation
Nonfluencies
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

16. Four Guidelines about Physical Movement
Maintain eye contact.
Use natural gestures.
Don't block the audience's view of the screen.
Control the audience's attention.
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

17. Guidelines for Presenting to People from Different Cultures
Use graphics effectively to reinforce your points for nonnative speakers.
Be aware that gestures can have cultural meanings.
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's

18. Five Situations When You Respond to Questions
You're not sure everyone heard the question.
You don't understand the question.
You don't know the answer to the question.
You get a question that you have already answered in the presentation.
A belligerent member of the audience rejects your response and insists on restating his or her original point.
Chapter 22. Making Oral Presentations © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin's