1. 1. Go through all the questions and answer on your own FIRST; then click forward to view the correct answer 2. When you get to the end START AGAIN and do it over and over again as many times as possible.

2.  If a DNA sequence reads A T A C G T A, what will the complementary DNA strand read?  T A T G C A T

3.  What does DNA polymerase do during DNA replication?  Finds and attaches complementary bases to the original DNA strand

4.  What are the steps in DNA replication?  1. The DNA double helix unwinds  2. DNA polymerase attaches free bases to the exposed original strands using the base pairing rules  3. Two molecules of DNA are produced, each with one original strand and one new strand.

5.  Complete the chart to compare DNA and RNA CharacteristicDNARNA # Of Strands Type of Sugar in the nucleotide Nitrogenous Bases Location

6.  Complete the chart to compare DNA and RNA CharacteristicDNARNA # Of Strands21 Type of Sugar in the nucleotide Nitrogenous Bases Location

7.  Complete the chart to compare DNA and RNA CharacteristicDNARNA # Of Strands21 Type of Sugar in the nucleotide DeoxyriboseRibose Nitrogenous Bases Location

8.  Complete the chart to compare DNA and RNA CharacteristicDNARNA # Of Strands21 Type of Sugar in the nucleotide DeoxyriboseRibose Nitrogenous BasesA bonds with T G bonds with C A bonds with U G bonds with C Location

9.  Complete the chart to compare DNA and RNA CharacteristicDNARNA # Of Strands21 Type of Sugar in the nucleotide DeoxyriboseRibose Nitrogenous BasesA bonds with T G bonds with C A bonds with U G bonds with C LocationNucleusThroughout the cell

10.  What is the role of mRNA?  mRNA serves as a temporary copy of a section of DNA  It carries that temporary DNA message to the ribosome

11.  What is the role of rRNA?  rRNA makes up the ribosome

12.  What is the role of tRNA?  tRNA has an anticodon and a specific amino acid attached to it  It matches up its anticodon with a codon on the mRNA  Then, the amino acid that was carried by the tRNA is attached to the polypeptide (protein) chain

13.  What type of RNA is this?  mRNA

14.  What type of RNA is this?  tRNA

15.  What structure is is this?  ribosome

16.  What process is happening here?  transcription

17.  What process is happening here?  translation

18.  How many codons code for the amino acid isoleucine? 33

19.  What amino acid does the DNA sequence TTA code for?  Asparagine  mRNA: AAU  Read inside to outisde

20.  What are the groups of 3 bases on mRNA called?  Codons

21.  What is a frameshift mutation?  When an extra base is either inserted or a base is deleted and it changes how the groups of codons are read

22.  What is a missense mutation?  When a base is substituted and it causes one amino acid to change

23.  What is a silent mutation?  When a base is substituted but it doesn’t cause the amino acid to change

24.  What is a nonsense mutation?  When a base is substituted and it changes the amino acid to “stop”

25.  How can you tell if a mutation will change something’s phenotype?  If the mutation causes a change in the amino acid sequence, it could cause the protein’s functionality to change  The more amino acids that are different, the more likely it is that the phenotype will be affected

26.  What part of the cell is this?  Nucleus

27.  What part of the cell is this?  Endoplasmic Reticulum

28.  What part of the cell is this?  Golgi Apparatus

29.  Name the cell organelles involved in protein synthesis in chronological order  Nucleus  Ribosome  Endoplasmic Reticulum  Golgi Apparatus

30.  What is the role of the nucleus in protein synthesis?  Store the DNA, which has the codes for making all of the proteins  Is the site for transcription

31.  What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?  Reads the codons on mRNA to determine what tRNA molecules to bring in and what order to assemble the amino acids

32.  What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis?  Transports (carries) proteins to different parts of the cell

33.  What is the role of the golgi in protein synthesis?  Packages proteins that are going to get exported from the cell

34. Gene AGene B Contains 900 nucleotides (on one strand of DNA) Contains 1200 nucleotides (on one strand of DNA) 300 nucleotides are introns Makes protein XMakes protein Y Protein X involved in oxygen transport in your body. Protein Y is involved in giving you your eye color. How many codons are in gene B? 400 There are 3 bases (nucleotides) in 1 codon You would divide 1200 nucleotides by 3

35. How many codons make up the introns for gene B? 100

36. Which protein will be made of less amino acids? Gene A Its is made of 900 nucleotides vs gene B is made of 1200

37. In your body, which of the following is true about gene A and gene B? a. Gene A has a different order of bases than gene B. b. Gene A makes a different protein than gene B. c. Gene A makes a protein that is crucial for life, while gene B’s protein is not as important. d. A mistake in gene A may affect oxygen transport in your body, while a mistake in gene B may affect your eye color. e. All of the above are true. ANSWER: e