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Getting Started Additional information. Important DOS Commands Getting Started dirlists disk directories verdisplays OS version clsclear command prompt.

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Presentation on theme: "Getting Started Additional information. Important DOS Commands Getting Started dirlists disk directories verdisplays OS version clsclear command prompt."— Presentation transcript:

1 Getting Started Additional information

2 Important DOS Commands Getting Started dirlists disk directories verdisplays OS version clsclear command prompt screen exitexit command prompt msconfigsystem configuration console chkdskutility to check a disk Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 1102

3 Command Line Interfaces DOS Prompt (No Longer Available) Command Prompt PowerShell CTEC 1103Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)

4 Getting to the Command Prompt… Start  Computer  C: drive  Windows  System32  cmd Close (X) Start  type: cmd Close (X) Start  All Programs  Accessories  right click Command Prompt  Run as Administrator CTEC 1104Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)

5 Controlling the Appearance While in the window view we can...  use Minimize button.  use Maximize button.  use Restore button.  use Close button  alter size of text.  toggle between window and full-screen mode.  (full-screen no longer available in Windows 7) Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 1105

6 Overview of Files and Disks Figure Disks and Files Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)6CTEC 110

7 Introduction to Subdirectories—The Path 7Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110

8 Root directory:  Created and named by OS when disk is formatted  Indicated by the backslash (\) Other subdirectories are created and named by the user Naming rules are the same as the rules for naming files CTEC 1108Chapter 1 adds (39 slides) Introduction to Subdirectories—The Path

9 Long File Names LFN - Long filenames: Microsoft's way of implementing filenames longer than the 8.3 filename, or short-filename, in their FAT and NTFS file systems. FATNTFS Maximum length is considered to be 255 characters. Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 1109

10 Path:  Route followed by OS to locate, save, and/or retrieve a file  Subdirectory name  Absolute paths  Relative paths 10Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110 Introduction to Subdirectories—The Path

11 CTEC 11011Chapter 1 adds (39 slides) Introduction to Subdirectories—The Path

12 The Default Drive and Default Directory At the command prompt:  C:\> (Indicates current drive “C”)  P: (Sets P as current drive and..) (Sets P-Drive as default drive)  cd \BOOKS (Sets \BOOKS as default directory on the P-Drive) Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 11012

13 All languages have rules or conventions for speaking and writing. To communicate with computer at command line prompt:  Learn its language (commands)  Follow its syntax (word order)  Use correct punctuation  Limit to 255 characters on input 13Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110 Typical Command Syntax

14 CommandName [d:][path]filename [/options] –Space after command name –Segment in “[“ “]” is optional –d stands for drive letter followed by a colon “:” –Path is where the file is located –filename is what is acted upon –options preceded by / CTEC 11014Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)

15 What Are Parameters? Information to modify or qualify a command Parameters can be: Variable(%choice%) Fixed(“constant”) 15Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110

16 Command Line Editing Reuse the last command keyed in without rekeying it:  - recalls one letter at a time  - recalls entire command line  - recalls one letter at a time  - recalls entire command line 16Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110

17 17Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110 Command Line Editing

18 Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 11018 Command Line Editing

19 Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 11019 Command Line Editing

20 Graphical vs Command Line Not all tasks can be done in the command line can also be done in the GUI With the Graphical User Interface (GUI) you can select files at random (CTRL- Click) to be acted upon With the Command Line User Interface (CLI) we use wildcard characters to make selections of multiple files Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 11020

21 Type of Files stored on disks Program files are considered binary files and are executable Data files are considered generally text files and are used by the programs for configuration or data store purposes Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 11021

22 The DIR Command Displays the list of files and other directories Generally termed as the table of contents DIR command syntax: DIR [drive:] [path] [filename] [/A [[:] attributes]] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/L] [/N] [/O[[:] sortorder]] [/P] [/Q] [/S] [/T[[:] timefield]] [/W] [/X] [4] Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)22CTEC 110

23 The VER Command Displays the current Windows OS version VER command syntax: VER Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)23CTEC 110

24 The CLS Command Clears the command prompt screen CLS command syntax: CLS Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)24CTEC 110

25 How to End the Work Session  You must always exit Windows properly and completely to avoid damaging the file systems  Type EXIT to terminate a Command Prompt  Close any running programs  Logout or Shutdown the Operating System Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)25CTEC 110

26  Type “msconfig” at command prompt CTEC 11026Chapter 1 adds (39 slides) The MSCONFIG Command

27 Why use MSCONFIG? It is used to troubleshoot the Microsoft Windows startup processes. Can disable or re-enable software, device drivers and Windows services that run at startup, or change boot parameters. CTEC 11027Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)

28 The CHKDSK Command Checks a disk and displays a status report CHKDSK Command Syntax: CHKDSK[volume[[path]filename]]] [/F] [/V] [/R] [/X] [/I] [/C] [/L[:size]] [/B] volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon), mount point, or volume name. filename FAT/FAT32 only: Specifies the files to check for fragmentation. /F Fixes errors on the disk. /V On FAT/FAT32: Displays the full path and name of every file on the disk. On NTFS: Displays cleanup messages if any. /R Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information (implies /F). --snip-- Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)28CTEC 110

29 Checking a Disk: FAT and NTFS CHKDSK used to get information about a disk:  Free space available  Bad spots  File fragmentation  Logical structure problems 29Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110

30 CHKDSK command with FAT file system:  Analyzes:  File Allocation Tables on disk  Integrity of files  Traces chain of data for each file  Gives statistical information 30Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110 Checking a Disk: FAT and NTFS

31  Some parameters valid only with...  FAT file system.  NTFS drives.  Need administrator privileges to run CHKDSK on hard disk. 31Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110 Checking a Disk: FAT and NTFS

32 For a FAT disk:  Each file has an entry in directory table FAT points to the next cluster if the file is longer than one cluster  Pointer chains all data together in a file  If a chain is broken (lost pointer) then it will end up with the lost clusters 32Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110 Using CHKDSK to Repair Disk Problems

33 Lost clusters: Occur when chain broken (lost pointers) Marked as used in FAT Do not belong to specific file Cannot be retrieved Lose space on disk 33Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110 Using CHKDSK to Repair Disk Problems

34 Why lost clusters occur:  Program not exited properly  Power failure or power surges 34Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110 Using CHKDSK to Repair Disk Problems

35 CHKDSK Example  z:  chkdsk /r CTEC 11035Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)

36 For an NTFS disk:  CHKDSK looks for orphaned files Has entry in MFT (Master File Table) - but not listed in any directory Similar to lost cluster in FAT file system 36Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110 Using CHKDSK to Repair Disk Problems

37  If lost or orphaned files occur, may not be able to boot back into Windows.  You Cannot use CHKDSK /F to repair disk errors when Windows is running. 37Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110 Using CHKDSK to Repair Disk Problems

38  With multiple hard drives CHKDSK can run on a hard drive that is not the default drive.  If ran on an active partition you may get a report of erroneous error messages. 38Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110 Using CHKDSK to Repair Disk Problems

39 /F - repairs logical errors. /R - locates bad sectors and recovers readable information. Using /R implies using /F as well 39Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110 Using CHKDSK to Repair Disk Problems

40 Be careful when running CHKDSK:  Back up data files  Large number of files can take a long time to repair disk 40Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 110 Using CHKDSK to Repair Disk Problems

41 END of Addition Information  HOMEWORK Lab 1 We will go through the first Activity “A” together. This will demonstrate how to take a snapshot! DOS Quiz 1 Chapter 1 adds (39 slides)CTEC 11041


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