1. Ch 20 Sec 1 - The Conservative Tide

2. Essential Questions:
What were the reasons for the resurgence of conservative values?
What were the major goals of the New Right?
What was the New Coalition?

3. Goals of the Conservative Movement
Shrink the size of the Federal Government and reduce spending
Promote family values and patriotic ideas
Stimulate business by reducing government regulations and lowering taxes
Strengthen the national defense

4. Sunbelt & Suburban Conservatism
Americans in the sunbelt opposed high taxes and regulations
Westerners resented regulations
Middle class voters supported tax cuts

5. Anti-Affirmative Action/Reverse Discrimination
The New Right
Pro- Life
School Prayer
Anti-Affirmative Action/Reverse Discrimination
Blocked the ERA
Personal Responsibility

6. The Conservative Coalition
An Alliance of:
Business Leaders
Middle class voters
Disaffected Democrats
Fundamentalist Christian Groups/Evangelical Christians

7. The Moral Majority
Televangelist Preachers

8. Ch 20 Sec 2 The Reagan Years

9. Reagan Road the White House
Pres. Screen Actors Guild/ Friendly Witness (HUAC)
Movie Actor 1940’s
MC for the opening of Disney land 1955
Elected CA Governor 1966
Election of 1980 elected Pres
Attempted Assassination 1981

12. Reaganomics- Supply side Economics

13. Essential Questions
What was Reaganomics?
What changes occurred on the Supreme Court?
What were the results of deregulation in the Savings and Loan industry?
Who supported Conservatives Reagan and Bush in the 1984 and 1988 elections?

14. Reaganomics Takes Over
Reagan wanted to reduce the size and influence of the Federal Government
Deep Cuts in Social Programs – Urban Mass Transit, Food Stamps, welfare benefits, job-training, Medicaid, school lunches and student loans.
Supply-side economics – Tax cuts by 25 %, money saved would be reinvested to improve business and productivity, lowering price.
Increased Defense Spending – MX Missile, B-1 Bomber, and SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative)

15. Recession, Recovery, and the National Debt
Severe Recession – July Nov. 1982
Tax Cuts and the 1983 Consumer Spending Spree sparked the economy
Stocks surged, unemployment declined, and GNP went up 10%.
( Stocks crash 1987 then rebounded)
Federal Spending still exceeded Federal revenue due to the tax cuts. By 1984 the National Debt almost doubled.

16. Conservative Supreme Court
Sandra Day O’Connor, Antonin Scalia, Anthony M. Kennedy, Clarence Thomas, and a new Chief Justice William Rehnquist

17. Deregulating the Economy
Deregulation – The cutting back of Federal regulation of industry.
( Increased competition and resulted in lower prices for consumers) Savings and Loan Scandal
Budget Cuts for the EPA resulted in more mining, logging of forests and more oil and gas drilling. Environmental risk?

18. Conservative Coalition 1984/88
Businesspeople – wanted a deregulated econ.
Southerners – Welcomed limits of Federal Power + Fundamentalist Christian Groups
Westerners – resented federal controls on mining and grazing
Reagan Democrats- agreed with limited gov. and felt the Democratic party had drifted too far left.

19. Election of 1984 Reagan (R) vs. Walter Mondale (D) VP under Carter
Landslide for Reagan
Geraldine Ferraro of NY Mondale’s VP candidate was the first women on a major party’s Presidential ticket.

21. Peace through Strength
Reagan Doctrine- The US should support guerrilla groups who were fighting to overthrow Communist governments. (1.5 trillon dollars in Military Build-up)
Libya
Afghanistan
Nicaragua
Grenada

22. Nicaragua
US Marines left in 1933, but left a dictator Anastasio Somoza in power
Between The Sandinistas take control
Reagan viewed the Sandinistas as a communist threat
The US supported the Contras with CIA training and weapons
The Boland Amendment banned aid to the Contras for two years

25. Grenada
In 1983 Reagan sent in 2,000 US Marines to overthrow a Pro-Cuban government and rescue US citizens
18 US solders were killed

26. Iran-Contra Scandal
In 1985 seven Americans were taken hostage in Lebanon by Pro- Iranian group
President Reagan approved the sale of arms to Iran in exchange for the hostages release
National Security Council Aid Colonel Oliver North had diverted millions in profits from the arms sale to the Anti- communist Contras fighting in Nicaragua

28. Ch 20 Sec 3 – Life in the Eighties
Yuppies
Wall-Mart
Cable TV
Sony Walkman, Heavy Metal, Run DMC CD
VCR
Pong, Pac-Man, Space Invaders

29. Life in the 1980’s – Social Concerns
AIDS
Drug Abuse
Abortion
Education

30. Essential Questions:
What were the national concerns about education, drug use, health issues and urban problems?
What political, economic, and social gains were achieved by women?
How did conservative policies affect minority groups?

31. Health Issues 1980’s AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
Abortion – Roe v Wade 1973
Pro-life
Pro-choice
Webster v Reproductive Health Care Services
(States had the right to impose restrictions on abortion.)

32. Drug Abuse War on Drugs Nancy Reagan’s anti- drug campaign
“Just Say no!” to drugs
“This is your brain on drugs.”

33. Education 1980’s
A Federal Commission issued a report in 1983 called A Nation at Risk
23 million Americans could fill out a job application or follow an instruction manual
School Vouchers were introduced “America 2000”

34. Urban Crisis Flight to the suburbs hurt the inner city
High Unemployment
Homelessness
Crumbling Infrastructure
Lack of health services
Deteriorating Schools
Drugs (Crack)
Gangs (Crips & Bloods)

35. LA Riots 1992
Rodney King was beaten by four white police officers after a car chase
Officers were found not guilty
South Central rioted for five days, 53 killed

37. Equal Rights 1980’s ERA failed ratification in 1982
47 women were elected to the HOR in 1992
6 women in the US Senate
2 women in Reagan’s cabinet
Pay Equality was fought for by women’s organizations

38. Fight for Rights African American Mayors of many big cities
(Ex. Philadelphia –Mayor Wilson Goode)
1992 L. Douglas Wilder became the Governor of VA
Jesse Jackson ran for President in 1984 and 1988

39. Gains for Latinos 1988 Lauro Cavazos was appointed Sec. of Ed.
1990 Dr. Antonia Coello Novello was appointed Surgeon General

40. Native Americans Speak Out
Aid was slashed to Native Americans for health, education and other services
Native American campaigned for gambling casinos as a source of revenue

41. Asian American Population
They were the second fastest growing minority population in the US
By 1992 the Asian American Population was 8.3 million.

42. Advances in Gay Rights
In the 1980’s gay rights groups fought for civil rights
Direct Action groups called for an end to anti-gay discrimination.
By 1993, 7 states and 110 communities outlawed anti-gay discrimination

43. Ch 20 Sec. 4 The End of the Cold War

44. Essential Questions:
What changed in the Communist world that ended the Cold War?
What did the US do to influence Central American and Caribbean affairs?
What was the Iran-Contra Scandal?
How and Why was the US involved in the Persian Gulf War?

45. The Cold War Ends
March 1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the USSR
Glasnost – “Openness”
Criticism of the USSR
Freedom of the Press
Perestrokia – Restructuring of The Soviet Economy

46. Relations with the US Summits with President Reagan
INF Treaty –Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty)
Eliminated two classes of weapon and allowed on site inspections

47. Decline of the USSR
In Dec republics declared independence from the USSR
Gorbachev lost power , the USSR ended
CIS (Common Wealth of Independent States) was established
Boris Yeltsin new leader of Russia, START II
signed

48. Collapse of Communisim
Nov. 9th , 1989 East Germany opened the Berlin Wall
Oct., 1990 Germany united
Czechoslovakia divided, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania became independent
Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania transitioned from communism
Yugoslavia collapsed, igniting a brutal war among Muslims, Orthodox Serbs, and Catholic Croats

51. Tiananmen Square
Student in China demanded freedom of speech and a voice in gov.
April 1989, Students held marches in Beijing and other cities
The PLA under the order of Li Peng crushed the protestors

54. Panama
In 1989 Pres. Bush sent 20,000 soilders to overthrow and arrest General Manuel Noriega on charges of international drug-trafficking

55. The Persian Gulf War
On Aug. 2nd, 1990 Iraq led by Saddam Hussein invaded the oil rich nation of Kuwait
Saddam then looked to Saudi Arabia
Pres. Bush organized an international coalition and with the support of the UN and Congress launched Operation Desert Storm
On Jan 16th, 1991 the air war began, in February the ground war began
Kuwait was liberated, Iraq was weakened
Less than 400 American casualties, but Gulf War Syndrome?

57. Election of 1988 George HW Bush (R) vs. Michael Dukakis ( D)
Moral Majority, comfortable economy, no reason to change.
Bush “Read my Lips: no new Taxes!”

66. Domestic Challenges for HW Bush #41
The Economy Slows- Cold war ended, and some companies downsized
Gridlock in Government – capital gains tax was perceived to help the rich and was defeated by Congress
“It’s the economy stupid…” James Carville ( Aid to Bill Clinton)

67. President Clinton
Bill Clinton(D) defeated George H.W. Bush(R) and Ross Perot in the election of 1992