2. I. Rome’s Beginnings A) How did Rome begin? 1) Legend of Romulus & Remus 2) The Aeneid by Virgil B) Birth of a Republic -Republic= ruler is put in power by citizens w/ right to vote -Romans were angry w/ their rulers -they defeated them & set up a republic

3. C) Roman Soldiers -fought in legions (Greeks fought in Phalynx) -small units that divided enemy units quickly -very strong fighting force -allowed them to conquer all of Italy II. Roman Republic A) Government= -2 classes of people

4. 1. Patricians= wealthy landowners -ruling class 2. Plebians= artisans, shopkeepers, & farmers -could vote but not hold office -They could not inter-marry B) Roman Law -U.S. borrowed much from Roman legal system

5. -created the rule of law -the idea that the law applies to everyone C) Rome Expands -Rome v. Carthage to see who would be most powerful 1) 1 st Punic War -fought over Sicily -lasted 20 years -Rome defeated Carthage

6. 2) 2 nd Punic War= -Carthage took over Spain -Rome helped Spain overthrow them -Hannibal then attacked Italy -Romans win again 3) 3 rd Punic War -Rome destroys Carthage -burned the city & enslaved 50,000 III. End of the Republic -Rome entered into a period of civil wars b/c poor people were being mistreated

7. A) Julius Caesar= -became dictator of the Roman Empire -created many reforms to help the poor -created calendar w/ 12 mos. 365 days & a leap year -killed on March 15 by Brutus & Cassius -”Ides of March” B) Rome becomes an Empire -Octavian v. Mark Antony -divided the Roman empire -Antony falls in love w/ Cleopatra -Octavian defeats Antony in war

8. IV. Early Empire -Pax Romana= Roman Peace -200 yrs of Roman peace & prosperity -Augustus began this period -Aqueducts- Roman invention -carried water great distances throughout empire -1 st man made water system -Roads- 50,000 miles of roads -”All roads lead to Rome” -Money- common currency helped trade in Rome