1. 4e Nelson/Quick ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 2 Challenges for Managers

2. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Learning Outcomes  Describe the factors that affect organizations competing in the global economy  Explain how cultural differences form the basis of work-related attitudes  Describe the challenges and positive influences diversity brings to today’s business environment 2

3. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Learning Outcomes  Discuss the role of ethics, character, and personal integrity in the organization  Explain five issues that pose ethical dilemmas for managers  Describe the effects of technological advances on today’s workforce 3

4. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Four Challenges 4 Globalization Diversity Ethics Technology

5. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Changing Business Perspectives  International activity - Conducting business across national borders  Globalization - Suggests that the world is free from national boundaries and is borderless  Multinational organizations - Organizations that did business in several countries  Transnational organization: Organization in which the global viewpoint supersedes national issues 5

6. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Figure 2.1 - Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Differences 6 SOURCE: Reprinted with permission of Academy of Management, P.O. Box 3020, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510-8020. Cultural Constraints in Management Theories. G. Hofstede, Academy of Management Executive 7 (1993). Reproduced by permission of the publisher via Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.

7. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Developing Cross-Cultural Sensitivity  Cultural sensitivity training  Cross-cultural task forces/teams  Global view of human resource functions  Planning  Recruitment and Selection  Compensation  Training and Development 7

8. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Diversity  All forms of individual differences, including:  Culture  Gender and age  Ability  Religion  Personality  Social status  Sexual orientation 8

9. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Table 2.2 - The Benefits and Problems of Diversity 9

10. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Ethical Theories Emphasizes the consequences or results of behavior Consequential theory Emphasizes the character of the act rather than its effects Rule-based theory Emphasizes the character, personal virtues, and intent of the individual Character theory 10

11. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Organizational Justice Distributive justice Fairness of the outcomes that individuals receive in an organization Procedural justice Fairness of the process by which the outcomes are allocated in an organization 11

12. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Technological Innovation  Technology: Intellectual and mechanical processes that transform inputs into products or services that meet organizational goals  Internet  Online retailing and surveillance  Expert system: Computer-based application that uses a representation of human expertise in a specialized field of knowledge to solve problems  Robotics: Use of robots in organizations 12

13. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Alternative Work Arrangements  Telecommuting: Electronically transmitting work from a home computer to the office  Advantages - Cost reduction and increased efficiency  Satellite offices - Network of smaller workplaces located near employees’ homes  Virtual offices - People work anytime, anywhere, and with anyone 13

14. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Alternative Work Arrangements 14 Advantages for Employees Gain flexibility Save the commute to work Enjoy the comforts of home Disadvantages for Employees Have distractions Lack socialization opportunities Lack interaction with supervisors Identify less with the organization