2. Civil Rights 1896- 1973

3. Civil Rights 1896-1955 Segregation was policy of the United States Segregation was policy of the United States

4. Civil Rights 1896-1955 Separate but equal Separate but equal Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow Laws Voting restricted Voting restricted

6. Civil Rights 1896-1955 Poll Taxes Poll Taxes Literacy tests Literacy tests Voting became all white Voting became all white

7. Civil Rights 1896-1955

8. Civil Rights 1896-1973

9. What would allow segregation to be the law of the land? What would allow segregation to be the law of the land?

10. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Supreme Court Case Supreme Court Case Plessy v Ferguson Plessy v Ferguson 1896 1896

11. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Segregation was lawful as long as white and black facilities were equal Segregation was lawful as long as white and black facilities were equal

12. Civil Rights 1896-1973 W E Du Bois W E Du Bois

13. Civil Rights 1896-1973 NAACP NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

14. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Was formed in 1909 Was formed in 1909 National Urban National Urban League 1910 League 1910

15. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Taft believed blacks and whites could never live together and his solution was for blacks to leave country Taft believed blacks and whites could never live together and his solution was for blacks to leave country

16. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Wilson did nothing to help blacks Wilson did nothing to help blacks Wilson ordered blacks working for federal government separated Wilson ordered blacks working for federal government separated

17. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Blacks fought bravely in World War I Blacks fought bravely in World War I Treated better in Europe than at home Treated better in Europe than at home

18. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Returned home and found nothing changed still a segregated America Returned home and found nothing changed still a segregated America

19. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Depression hit blacks harder than whites Depression hit blacks harder than whites Up to 60% were unemployed Up to 60% were unemployed

20. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Roosevelt did more for equality in employment than any other president before him Roosevelt did more for equality in employment than any other president before him

21. Civil Rights 1896-1973

22. However no legislation was passed by Roosevelt during his terms as President However no legislation was passed by Roosevelt during his terms as President

23. Civil Rights 1896-1973 World War II World War II Blacks still did not get the best jobs Blacks still did not get the best jobs Would only work as janitors Would only work as janitors

24. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Executive order 8802 Executive order 8802 Ended temporally discrimination in war industries Ended temporally discrimination in war industries

25. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Military units were still segregated Military units were still segregated Tuskegee Airman Tuskegee Airman Black unit of flyers Black unit of flyers

26. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Never lost a plane they were escorting into battle Never lost a plane they were escorting into battle Still could not eat or live with white pilots Still could not eat or live with white pilots

27. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Truman’s Fair Deal Truman’s Fair Deal Proposed legislation for Civil Rights Proposed legislation for Civil Rights None were passed by Congress None were passed by Congress

28. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Truman did speak out against bigotry Truman did speak out against bigotry Criticize violence against blacks Criticize violence against blacks

29. Civil Rights 1896-1973 1948 Truman desegregated the Military 1948 Truman desegregated the Military Formal recognition Formal recognition Of blacks contributions to victories in WWI and WWII Of blacks contributions to victories in WWI and WWII

30. CIVIL RIGHTS 1954 seperate but equal still dominated civil rights in United States 1954 four cases were combined into one and sent to Supreme Court

31. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Brown V Topeka Board of Education Chief Justice Vinson at first was presiding over case He died Eisenhower appointed

32. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Earl Warren former Governor of California Conservative Postponed case for a year Knew this was a monumental case

33. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Thurgood Marshall attorney for NAACP Presented case for plaintiff Court ruled that separate but equal was unconstitutional

34. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Overturned Plessy v Ferguson Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote “ separate but equal has no place in public education separate facilities are inherently unequal”

35. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Decision made but problem was how it was to implemented

36. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Brown II stated that integration should proceed with deliberate speed

37. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Understanding the climate in the south write a short paragraph on what you think the south’s reaction to this decision was and what action may have been taken

38. Civil Rights 1896-1973 “Clear abuse of Federal Power violation of states rights” Increase of violence against African Americans

39. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Slow or disregarding of implementation of decision in south

40. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Little Rock Arkansas 9 African American students attempted to enter an all white high school

41. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Governor of state refused to allow them to enter Sent National Guard to stop the students New media Brought news into living rooms

42. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Of America Forced Eisenhower to send federal troops and activated National Guard

43. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Montgomery Alabama Segregated bus lines African Americans had to sit in the back of the bus Rosa Parks December 1, 1955

44. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Refused to give up seat to a white man Arrested became a national cause She was not the only or the first to challenge segregation

45. Civil Rights 1896-1973 She worked for the NAACP and was a well respected in the community Turned to Dr. Martin Luther King Passive resistance

46. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Embraced Gandhi African Americans boycotted the bus company Car pooled and walked to work

47. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Boycott lasted over a year Bus company nearly bankrupt Still no solution Supreme Court ruled bus segregation was unconstitutional

48. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Not many victories in the Eisenhower era for civil rights Brown v. Topeka Boycott of buses The significance was the advancement may have been small

49. Civil Rights The Resistance “The people of Georgia will not comply with the decision” “The people of Georgia will not comply with the decision”

50. Civil Rights The Resistance Civil Rights The Resistance First ruling was not enough in Brown v Topeka First ruling was not enough in Brown v Topeka In a second ruling Brown II In a second ruling Brown II Ordered integration with Ordered integration with “all deliberate speed” “all deliberate speed”

52. CIVIL RIGHTS CIVIL RIGHTS

54. SEPARATE BUT EQUAL SEPARATE BUT EQUAL

56. NAACP NAACP

58. Plessey v Ferguson Plessey v Ferguson

60. Tuskegee Airman Tuskegee Airman

61. Civil Rights The Resistance Little Rock Arkansas Little Rock Arkansas City accepted the ruling City accepted the ruling Schools planned for desegregation Schools planned for desegregation

62. Civil Rights The Resistance However the Governor of Arkansas However the Governor of Arkansas Orval Faubus Orval Faubus Ordered National guard to turn away African American students Little Rock 9 Ordered National guard to turn away African American students Little Rock 9

63. Civil Rights The Beginning President Eisenhower at first was reluctant to get government involved President Eisenhower at first was reluctant to get government involved Little Rock Changed that idea Little Rock Changed that idea

64. Civil Rights The Beginning Again television was important Again television was important Sent the Army to escort students to school Sent the Army to escort students to school

65. Civil Rights The Response Governor Faubus in response Governor Faubus in response Closed the High School rather than desegregate Closed the High School rather than desegregate

66. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Montgomery Alabama Segregated bus lines African Americans had to sit in the back of the bus Rosa Parks December 1, 1955

67. Civil Rights The Beginning He refused He refused December 1, 1955 December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give her seat up Rosa Parks refused to give her seat up She was arrested She was arrested

68. Civil Rights The Beginning Rosa parks was an officer of the local NAACP Rosa parks was an officer of the local NAACP

69. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Refused to give up seat to a white man Arrested became a national cause She was not the only or the first to challenge segregation

70. Civil Rights 1896-1973 She worked for the NAACP and was a well respected in the community Turned to Dr. Martin Luther King Passive resistance

71. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Embraced Gandhi African Americans boycotted the bus company Car pooled and walked to work

72. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Boycott lasted over a year Bus company nearly bankrupt Still no solution Supreme Court ruled bus segregation was unconstitutional

73. Civil Rights 1896-1973 Not many victories in the Eisenhower era for civil rights Brown v. Topeka Boycott of buses The significance was the advancement may have been small

74. Civil Rights The Beginning News again spread quickly News again spread quickly Jo Ann Robinson, E. D. Dixon helped form a boycott of the buses Jo Ann Robinson, E. D. Dixon helped form a boycott of the buses

75. Civil Rights The Beginning 26 year old minister was elected chairman of the boycott 26 year old minister was elected chairman of the boycott Dr. Martin Luther King Dr. Martin Luther King

78. Civil Rights The Beginning Buses were boycotted Buses were boycotted Instead car pools walking long distance Instead car pools walking long distance 381 days long 381 days long 1956 Supreme Court outlawed bus segregation 1956 Supreme Court outlawed bus segregation

79. Civil Rights Rise of the Movement SCLC SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference Southern Christian Leadership Conference Dr. King Leader Dr. King Leader

80. Civil Rights Rise of the Movement Dr. King called the non violent movement “Soul Force”

81. Civil Rights Rise of the Movement 4 principles of the Civil Rights Movement 4 principles of the Civil Rights Movement

82. Civil Rights Rise of the Movement 1. Teachings of Jesus 1. Teachings of Jesus Love ones enemy Love ones enemy

83. Civil Rights Rise of the Movement 2. Henry David Thoreau 2. Henry David Thoreau

84. Civil Rights Rise of the Movement Civil Disobedience Civil Disobedience Refusal to obey an unjust law Refusal to obey an unjust law

85. Civil Rights Rise of the Movement 3. A. Phillip Randolph 3. A. Phillip Randolph

86. Civil Rights Rise of the Movement Organization of mass Demonstrations Organization of mass Demonstrations

87. Civil Rights Rise of the Movement 4. Gandhi 4. Gandhi

88. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Lunch Counter sit ins Lunch Counter sit ins

89. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom In early 1960 4 black students Greensboro North Carolina

90. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Woolworths lunch counter Woolworths lunch counter

91. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Sat down knowing they would not be served Sat down knowing they would not be served Faced arrest Faced arrest Still they sat Still they sat

92. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom 4 the first day 4 the first day 23 the next day 23 the next day 66 came the 3 rd day 66 came the 3 rd day By end of week 1,000 students participated By end of week 1,000 students participated

93. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Hostile crowds surrounded the sit ins Hostile crowds surrounded the sit ins Students formed Students formed

94. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee SNCC SNCC

96. Bus Boycott Bus Boycott

98. Brown v Topeka Brown v Topeka

100. Rosa Parks Rosa Parks

102. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Freedom Riders Freedom Riders 1961 1961 Campaigned in busses to Campaigned in busses to End segregation on all transportation End segregation on all transportation

104. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom

105. White mobs gathered and dragged them from busses White mobs gathered and dragged them from busses

106. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Despite violence these protests were successful Despite violence these protests were successful The Supreme Court ended segregation in all Public travel accommodations The Supreme Court ended segregation in all Public travel accommodations

107. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Four Sources of Mass Movement Four Sources of Mass Movement

108. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom 1. Black Urbanization 1. Black Urbanization

109. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom 2. Religious Faith 2. Religious Faith

110. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom 3. Constitutional Rights 3. Constitutional Rights

111. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom 4. Media Coverage 4. Media Coverage

112. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Medgar Evers Medgar Evers

113. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom He championed James Meredith getting into University of Mississippi He championed James Meredith getting into University of Mississippi

114. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom

115. James Meredith today James Meredith today

116. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Governor Ross Barnett refused to obey the order Governor Ross Barnett refused to obey the order

117. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Kennedy sent in Federal Marshals Kennedy sent in Federal Marshals 1 st night 2 died 375 injured during riots 1 st night 2 died 375 injured during riots Federal marshals stayed on campus until Meredith graduated Federal marshals stayed on campus until Meredith graduated

118. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Medgar Evers was shot and killed in his driveway Medgar Evers was shot and killed in his driveway It took over 30 years for a conviction in the case It took over 30 years for a conviction in the case

119. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Birmingham Birmingham Bull Conner Bull Conner

120. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Children's March Children's March Adults would lose their jobs Adults would lose their jobs Fire hoses and dogs were sent out to attack children Fire hoses and dogs were sent out to attack children

121. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom

123. Sacrifices were successful Sacrifices were successful Birmingham began to desegregate Birmingham began to desegregate Events in Birmingham forced Kennedy to do something Events in Birmingham forced Kennedy to do something

124. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Proposed a strong Civil Rights Bill Proposed a strong Civil Rights Bill Passed in Johnson Administration Passed in Johnson Administration

125. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom March On Washington March On Washington 250,000 people 250,000 people 60,000 whites joined in a march to Pass the Civil Rights Bill 60,000 whites joined in a march to Pass the Civil Rights Bill

126. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Two weeks after I have a dream speech Two weeks after I have a dream speech 4 young girls were killed ina firebombing of a church 4 young girls were killed ina firebombing of a church

127. Civil Rights The Beginning dynamite was thrown into a Baptist Church killing 4 young girls dynamite was thrown into a Baptist Church killing 4 young girls Court orders could not alone end the violence Court orders could not alone end the violence

131. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom On July 2, 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed On July 2, 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed Prohibited discrimination because of Prohibited discrimination because of

132. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Race, religion, national origin, and gender Race, religion, national origin, and gender Rights to enter parks libraries washrooms restaurants theaters and other accomodations Rights to enter parks libraries washrooms restaurants theaters and other accomodations

133. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom No voting rights yet No voting rights yet Freedom Summer Freedom Summer College students mostly white 1/3 female College students mostly white 1/3 female

134. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Went to Mississippi to help register voters Went to Mississippi to help register voters 3 men disappeared 2 white and one black 3 men disappeared 2 white and one black found murdered found murdered

135. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Local Klan and local police accused of killings Local Klan and local police accused of killings Convicted after federal investigation Convicted after federal investigation

136. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Selma March Selma March 50 mile voting march 50 mile voting march At night marchers were beating up At night marchers were beating up Caught on TV Caught on TV

137. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Response to the violence was more people joined march Response to the violence was more people joined march

138. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Voting Act of 1965 Voting Act of 1965 Eliminated the literacy test Eliminated the literacy test Eliminated poll tax Eliminated poll tax 10% negroes voted in 1964 60% in 1968 10% negroes voted in 1964 60% in 1968

139. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Violence erupted in Northern cities Violence erupted in Northern cities Watts riots Watts riots Newark Newark New York New York

140. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Why riots Why riots Needed economic help Needed economic help Job opportunities Job opportunities

141. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Malcolm X Malcolm X Started as a small time criminal Started as a small time criminal Spent time in jail Spent time in jail Found the Nation of Islam Found the Nation of Islam

142. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Ballots or bullets Ballots or bullets Pilgrimage to Mecca Pilgrimage to Mecca Changed his attitude towards whites Changed his attitude towards whites No longer called for separate races No longer called for separate races

143. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom “Well if we don’t use the ballot we going to be forced to use bullets so let us try the ballot” “Well if we don’t use the ballot we going to be forced to use bullets so let us try the ballot”

144. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Split with Black Muslims Split with Black Muslims February 21, 1965 Malcolm X was assassinated February 21, 1965 Malcolm X was assassinated

145. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom

146. April 3, 1968 April 3, 1968 On a Memphis motel balcony On a Memphis motel balcony Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was assassinated Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was assassinated

147. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom

148. Rioting followed Rioting followed James Earl Ray was arrested and charged with the murder James Earl Ray was arrested and charged with the murder

149. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom

151. Riots started worst in 100 years Riots started worst in 100 years

152. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Civil Rights Act of 1968 Civil Rights Act of 1968 Ended discrimination in housing Ended discrimination in housing

153. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Assassinations in 1960’s JFK Malcolm X Martin Luther King Jr RFK

154. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Turbulent decade Progress made at great expense 4 major leaders killed War in foreign country

155. Civil Rights The Struggle for Freedom Riots and Civil unrest Country was at a crossroads