Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byPearl Boyd Modified over 8 years ago
1
DRUGS (outside you) vs. TOXICOLOGY (inside you)
2
Importance to Forensic Science 75% of evidence being examined in forensic laboratories is drug-related. Evidence from a drug bust in Hawaii, 6-26-06
3
Costs To Society $110 billion/year Drug-related violence and crime –75% of males arrested in NY tested positive for drugs
4
Costs To Families Violence and abuse –1/4 -1/2 domestic violence is drug related –81% of child abuse or neglect is drug related 3.2% of pregnant women use drug regularly
5
Costs to the Body Meth as an example
6
Faces of Meth To the individual Multnahoma Sheriff’s Office http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/DrugIssue/Me thResources/faces/index.html Costs
7
What is a “drug” Natural or synthetic Affect psychology or physiology Most produced legitimately for R x If taken just for pleasure = “illicit drug” or “drugs of abuse” If taken in excess causing illness or death = poison
8
Drugs that are restricted by law = “Controlled Substances” Controlled Substances Act of 1970 Lists illegal drugs, their category and their penalty for possession, sale or use. Five categories of controlled drugs
9
Controlled Substances Categories Schedule I— high potential for abuse; no currently acceptable medical use in the US; a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision Schedule II— high potential for abuse; a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions; abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence Schedule III— lower potential for abuse than the drugs in I or II; a currently accepted medical use in the US; abuse may lead to moderate physical dependence or high psychological dependence Schedule IV— low potential for abuse relative to drugs in III; a currently accepted medical use in the US; abuse may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence relative to drugs in III Schedule V— low potential for abuse relative to drugs in IV; currently accepted medical use in the US; abuse may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence relative to drugs in IV
10
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule I — Heroin White Off-White Brown
11
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule I - LSD
12
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule I - marijuana
13
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule II—cocaine Cocaine in powder form Crack cocaine Cocoa leaves Crack and powder
14
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule II - morphine Various Forms
15
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule II - amphetamines (including methamphetamines) Amphetamines Methamphetamines
16
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule II - PCP
17
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule II - Ritalin
18
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule III—intermediate acting barbiturates
19
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule III - anabolic steroids
20
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule III - ketamine
21
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule IV—other stimulants and depressants including Valium, Xanan, Librium
22
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule IV - phenobarbital
23
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule IV - Darvon
24
Controlled Substances Examples Schedule V—codeine found in low doses in cough medicines Cough syrup with DMX DXM is a synthetically produced substance that is chemically related to codeine, though it is not an opiate.
25
Classification - based on pharmacological effects Hallucinogens Mostly naturally occurring Marijuana most widely used – decreases ability to concentrate, slows reactions, impairs coordination.
26
Classification - based on pharmacological effects Hallucinogens LSD – from fungus Ergot- extremely dangerous. Causes psychosis, falshbacks, impaired memory & attention span. Possible teratogen.
27
Classification - based on pharmacological effects Hallucinogens MDMA – Or “ectasy” (methylenedioxymethamp hetamine) is synthetic. Causes stimulation and hallucinations, confusion, depression, addiction, severe anxiety, paranoia – sometimes even weeks after taking. Long term brain damage.
28
Classification - based on pharmacological effects Hallucinogens Ketamine - (“Special K”) – legitimately used as an animal tranquilizer. A powerful hullucinogen. Causes delerum, amnisia, depression, and long- term memory difficulties.
29
Classification - based on pharmacological effects Stimulants Act on CNS and increases energy level while decreasing appetite and fatigue. Problems: increases anxiety, restlessness, and causes depression after it wears off. Caffeine to amphetamines and methamphetamines. Coacine – from leaf of cocoa plant. Used to be snorted as powder, now recrystalized “crack”. Highly addictive, causes anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, paranoia, mental deterioration.
30
Classification - based on pharmacological effects Narcotics Analgesics (pain relievers) Legal OTCs like aspirin Illegal ones come from opium from poppy flower 4-21% morphine from which heroin is made highly addictive. Overdoses cause death
31
Classification - based on pharmacological effects Depressants Alcohol $40 billion industry in USA Not a controlled substance Barbiturates (“downers”) Highly addictive Withdrawal is dangerous Small dose R x used to reduce anxiety and help sleep Quaaludes
32
More Pretty Meth Pictures
38
Drug Analysis Microscopic crystaline structure Spot Tests (use chemical indicators = presumptive precipitation test OR presumptive color test) TLC (Thin layer chromatography) Spectroscopy (tell by light wave absorbance) Liquid chromatography (send liquid thorough a solid phase and see what comes out first, second, etc.) Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (separate in gaseous phase, then identify by mass)
39
The End…of ?????
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.