1. Origins of Progressivism Notes Angela Brown Chapter 8 Section 1 1

2. New Reform Ideas TTwo leading reformers 11879 Henry George Progress and Poverty stated speculation prevented productive use of land. ““Single-tax” clubs – single tax on the value of land to discourage speculation ((Had a tax on improvements already) http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.henrygeorge.org/images/ bob1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.henrygeorge.org/chp1.htm&h=219&w=287&sz= 19&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=9l_6TawX3cjcM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=115&prev=/images %3Fq%3DHenry%2BGeorge%2BProgress%2Band%2BPoverty%26svnum%3 D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2005-11,GGLD:en 2

3. http://www.wilsonsalmanac.com/images2/bellamy_e1.jpg  1888 Edward Bellamy – Looking Backward  A man undergoes hypnosis wakes up in year 2000.  The government had taken over largest companies.  The goal was meeting human needs not making profit. 3

4. Socialists  socialism – an economic and political philosophy favoring public or government control of property and income  Many American socialists wanted to end capitalism, distribute wealth and nationalize industry  1901 Socialist Party of America  1912 1000 municipal or city government, offices 4

5. The Labor Movement  If unions were successful despite discouragement, employers could count on courts to issue injunctions or court orders, prohibiting workers from going on strike http://www.npr.org/news/specials/democracy/money/bosses.html 5

6. Municipal Reform CCivil service system based on merit instead of favors would keep appointees out of important jobs enforcing labor laws. WWorked for home-rule – system by which cities exercise a limited degree of self- rule AAllowed escape from domination of state government controlled by political machines. 6

7. II. Muckrakers  TR’s name for Journalists that alerted public to wrongdoing in politics and business.  Based on character to busy raking filth on earth to lift eyes to heaven.  TR approved of legitimate exposure of wrongdoing.  Many respected writers: Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair 7

8.  (Systematic Manner for Change)  investigated issues – scientific data/expert testimony  publicized results  readers pressured legislators (women’s clubs and charitable groups key) 8

9. The Goals of the Progressives  Many Americans were inspired to take action by joining reform organizations by Muckrakers.  All groups working to bring about “progress” in society therefore period referred to as the Progressive Era.  Most progressives did not support sweeping economic and political changes – feared violence of revolution – average wealth – didn’t want to lose high standard of living 9

10.  Free government of corruption so it could be more efficient in helping others.  Sister Carrie (1900) – novel by Theodore Dreiser’s – heroine goes unpunished for sins – too shocking – did not sell well – 1981 published in original form 10

11. An Expanded Role for Government  Wanted government to develop more Social Welfare Programs – ensure a basic standard of living for all Americans  Expected government to rely on experts/scientists to plan efficient programs, which professionals, not politicians would manage  Unemployment, accident, health insurance, social security for disabled and elderly 11

12. Women Work for Reforms CChicago Hull House – worked with Jane Addams – Florence Kelley – 1893 law prohibiting child labor limiting working hours for women, regulating sweatshop conditions GGovernor put Kelley in charge of enforcing. EEarned a law degree in order to take legal action herself. 11897 replaced by new government = spoils system became involved in Municipal reform http://chswg.binghamton.edu/kelley.jpg 12

13.  Ask why animals are worthy of government protection “but not the children of our race and their mothers”.  Her legacy lasted long after her death in 1932.  Issues: workplace, temperance, right to vote 13

14. Resistance to Progressive Reforms  Progressives thought government should have say in housing, health care, content of movies.  Child labor laws – employers and families who needed the income objected  Progressives were perceived as being insensitive to poor – the ones they sought to help 14

15. Exit Slip  Who were the Progressives?  What did Progressives want?  Name 3 changes to society that Progressives sought. 15