1. Clinical Assessment of Articulation and Phonology
CAAP
Clinical Assessment of Articulation and Phonology

2. Description
CAAP is a contemporary, norm-referenced instrument designed to assess English articulation and phonology in preschool/school age children.
Authors:
Wayne A. Secord, Ph. D., CCC-SLP
JoAnn S. Donahue, M.A., CCC-SLP

3. Exam Goals
To quickly inventory the articulation abilities in young children.
To derive a measure of overall articulation competence.
To compare word and sentence level competence of school-age children.
To estimate the occurrence of 10 common phonological process patterns in children’s speech.

4. Test Format Test Materials: Test based two components: Stimulus easel
colored pictures
Articulation Inventory
Phonologic Processes checklist (x2)
Administration Manual
Test based two components:
Phonological Process Checklist I and II

5. Articulatory Inventory
Two sections:
Consonant Inventory
24 consonants, 1 vocalic
sounds assessed multiple times in 44 words for a total of 97 test items.
3 levels of difficulty based on sequential order of development:
Consonant Singletons (CVC) I.e. yo-yo
Cluster Words (CCVC) I.e. clown
Multisyllabic Words (CVC V) I.e. elephant

6. Articulatory Inventory
School-Age Sentence Section
8 sentences varying in length (8-11 words)= total of 73 words produced
accuracy measured by number of words produced correctly
May end testing with articulatory inventory for preschool-age clients (< 5 years of age)
All test sections are suggested for clients older than five years.

7. Phonologic Process Checklist I and II
Assesses occurrence of 10 common phonologic processes
3 types of processes:
(1)Syllable Structure Process: Phoneme, syllable to be reduced in number, deleted, or repeated.
A. final consonant deletion
B. cluster reduction
C. syllable reduction

8. Phonologic Process Checklist I and II
(2)Substitution Process: One sound class replaces another.
A. gliding
B. vocalization
C. fronting
D. deaffrication
E. stopping
(3)Assimilation Process: Change influenced by another sound.
A. prevocalic voicing
B. postvocalic voicing

9. Administration Introductory story with pals as a warm up optional
works well with defensive children
Consonant Inventory
show picture plate to elicit response
clinician cues on each plate
target sounds are highlighted on each plate
if child is <5 years, stop testing or go ahead to phonologic probes.
If child is 5>, continue with this section

10. Administration... Sentence Section child will repeat 8 sentences
clinician may give 2 repetitions per sentence
Phonologic Process Probes
2-4 pictures per plate labeled A,B,C,D
If child doesn’t respond to A, model target word and request repetition
continue with B,C,D
may fade verbal cues as needed
continue until end of test

11. Recording Responses Consonant Inventory: checkmark= correct responses
dash= omitted sound
backslash= omitted syllables
X= phonetic distortions
transcription= substitutions

12. Recording Responses…. School-Age Sentences:
record / through whole word to indicate error
use checkmark to show no error
Phonologic Process Checklist I:
after fact assessment, so no recording until after test is completed
Phonologic Process Checklist II:
answer yes/no as responses are made

13. Scoring Consonant Inventory:
examiner sums all errors for consonant singletons, cluster words, and o multisyllable words
subtotals are summed= Consonant Inventory Score
raw score
School-Age Sentences:
total errors on each is summed
enter raw score

14. Scoring…. Phonologic Process Checklist: sum all yes responses
examiner calculates % of occurrence for each process
examiner indicates if each process is active or not by circling yes/no response
processes having % occurrence of 40% or more are active
two calculators are provided in CAAP kit

15. National Standardization
CAAP standardized based on 1,707 children
ages years
standardized version based on 63 consonant singleton words, 18 cluster words, 13 multisyllabic words, 15 preschool sentences, 15 school-age sentences
color illustrations
administered by 220 SLPs in 35 states

16. Converting Raw Score to Standardized Score
After computing raw score, refer to chapter 6 in the examiner’s manual
Locate client’s chronological age in norms to appropriate raw score
Confidence levels= to 90% confidence

17. Pros and Cons Pros: wide age range colorful pictures quick and easy
contemporary format
strong emphasis on consonants
Cons
doesn’t emphasize vowel production
new concepts to SLPs, therefore may require more time to administer initially

18. Ordering Information Available through Super Duper Publications
Address: P.O Box Greenville, Sc
Phone:
Web:

19. Thank you for your attention!!
Dr. Frank Kersting
Western Kentucky University