1. TENSES By: Mulyanti Dhani BKB NURUL FIKRI SURABAYA

2. Tenses Matrix

3. Simple present (V1) Function: Time schedule e.g.: Hurry up!! The train leaves at 18.15 p.m. Habits e.g.: She usually rides her bike. General truth: e.g.: The sun rises from the east.

4. Present Continuous (am/is/are + Ving) Progressive action e.g. I’m looking around my class. Dave is writing something on his desk. Sinta and santi are listening to the teacher. Huna seems not listening; She falls asleep.

5. Present Perfect (have/has + V 3 ) Complete action: e.g. They have come. Repeated action in the past e.g. Mother has told him many times. Action started in the past and continued till present e.g. She has lived in Surabaya for years.

6. Present Perfect Continuous (have/has + been + Ving) Action started in the past and continued till present e.g. She has been living in Surabaya for years.

7. Simple Past (V 2 ) Past action e.g. They came yesterday. Past habits e.g. She usually rode her bike.

8. Past Continuous (was/were + Ving) To show activity which is in progress when another activity came e.g. The teacher came when the students were doing the exercise. The students were doing the exercise, when the teacher came.

9. Past Perfect (had + V 3 ) To show activity which is in progress when another activity Came e.g. Ria had got her lunch when she went to NF. Ria had got her lunch before she went to NF. After Ria got her lunch, she went to NF.

10. Past Perfect Continuous I had been waiting for her for one hours when she came. It’s the same as: I had waited for her for one hours when she came.

11. Simple Future (will + Vi / be + going to + Vi) Willingness “It’s dark here. I’ll switch the lamp on” Prediction I think it will rain today / it’s going to rain today

12. Future Continuous (will + be + Ving) I’m going to have class at 4 p.m until 6 p.m so don’t call me at 5 p.m. I will be teaching by then (at 5 p.m).

13. Future Perfect (will + have + V 3 ) I’m going to have class at 4 p.m until 6 p.m so call me at 7 p.m. I’ll have finished my class by then. We will/shall have done half the journey by the time we stop for lunch. I'll have been read this book for about six hours.

14. Future Perfect continuous (will + have + V 3 ) I'll have been reading this book for about six hours.