2. Chapter 6 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds Objectives: Distinguish between common and systematic names of compounds Distinguish between common and systematic names of compounds Review differences between elements and ions Review differences between elements and ions Be able to write formula from names of compounds Be able to write formula from names of compounds Understand binary compounds Understand binary compounds Name compounds containing polyatomic ions Name compounds containing polyatomic ions Name and recognize acids Name and recognize acids

3. Common and Systematic Names Common Names Common Names Arbitrary Arbitrary Not based on chemical composition Not based on chemical composition Historically associated with a physical or chemical property Historically associated with a physical or chemical property Not consistent among languages or disciplines Not consistent among languages or disciplines Systematic names Systematic names Identify the chemical composition Identify the chemical composition Devised by IUPAC Devised by IUPAC

4. Elements and Ions Diatomic molecules Diatomic molecules 2 atoms of same element 2 atoms of same element Polyatomic Polyatomic 3 or more atoms of same element 3 or more atoms of same element Ion Ion Positive Positive Negative Negative

5. Elements and Ions Naming cations Naming cations Same as Same as Naming anions Naming anions Stem of the parent name with Stem of the parent name with Add Add Commonly formed ions – figure 6.2 pg 107 Commonly formed ions – figure 6.2 pg 107

6. Writing Formulas from Names of Compounds Chemical compounds must have a net charge of Chemical compounds must have a net charge of Compare charges of ions formed from elements Compare charges of ions formed from elements

7. Writing Formulas from Names of Compounds Write formulas for Write formulas for Sodium and chlorine Sodium and chlorine Aluminum and oxygen Aluminum and oxygen

8. Writing Formulas from Names of Compounds Write formulas for the following Write formulas for the following Calcium chloride Calcium chloride Calcium will form Calcium will form Chlorine will form Chlorine will form Formula is Formula is Magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide Magnesium will form Magnesium will form Oxygen will form Oxygen will form Formula is Formula is

9. Writing Formulas from Names of Compounds Barium phosphide Barium phosphide Barium will form Barium will form Phosphorus will form Phosphorus will form Formula is Formula is Sodium sulfide Sodium sulfide Sodium will form Sodium will form Sulfur will form Sulfur will form Formula is Formula is

10. Binary Compounds Contain only Contain only Often Often

11. Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal Forming Only One Type of Cation Name of cation is left the same Name of cation is left the same Name of anion is changed (-ide) Name of anion is changed (-ide) Write formulas for the following compounds Write formulas for the following compounds Strontium chloride Strontium chloride Calcium sulfide Calcium sulfide

12. Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Can Form Two or More Types of Cations Metals in the center of the periodic table Metals in the center of the periodic table Iron can be Iron can be Stock System Stock System Use Roman Numeral to designate Use Roman Numeral to designate Copper Copper Tin Tin -ous and –ic endings are also sometimes used -ous and –ic endings are also sometimes used

13. Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Can Form Two or More Types of Cations Write the name for each of the following compounds Write the name for each of the following compounds PbI 2 PbI 2 Fe 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 CuO CuO TiF 4 TiF 4

14. Binary Compounds Containing Two Nonmetals Not ionic bonds - Molecular (covalent) Not ionic bonds - Molecular (covalent) Different system of naming Different system of naming Element that occurs first in the series below is written and named first Element that occurs first in the series below is written and named first Si, B, P, H, C, S, I, Br, N, Cl, O, F Si, B, P, H, C, S, I, Br, N, Cl, O, F Second element Second element

15. Binary Compounds Containing Two Nonmetals Prefix is attached to each element to indicate the number of atoms of that element in the molecule Prefix is attached to each element to indicate the number of atoms of that element in the molecule Mono (1) never used for first element Mono (1) never used for first element PrefixMeaningPrefixMeaning Mono1Hexa6 Di2Hepta7 Tri3Octa8 Tetra4Nona9 Penta5Deca10

16. Binary Compounds Containing Two Nonmetals Examples: Examples: N 2 O is N 2 O is S 2 F 10 is S 2 F 10 is You try: You try:

17. Acids Derived from Binary Compounds Hydrogen compounds – form acids in water Hydrogen compounds – form acids in water Write symbol of H first, then the rest Write symbol of H first, then the rest Shows it is an acid Shows it is an acid Naming Naming Take stem of nonmetal Take stem of nonmetal Add prefix hydro- Add prefix hydro- Add suffix –ic Add suffix –ic Add the word acid Add the word acid

18. Acids Derived from Binary Compounds H 2 S H 2 S HCl HCl Figure 6.4 on page 115 VERY HELPFUL FOR NAMING BINARY COMPOUNDS

19. Naming Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ion Polyatomic ion Similar to naming binary compounds Similar to naming binary compounds Must be able to recognize common polyatomic ions Must be able to recognize common polyatomic ions Table 6.6 (pg 116) Table 6.6 (pg 116)

20. Naming Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions Usually end in Usually end in Hyper- or per- indicates Hyper- or per- indicates -ate indicates -ate indicates -ite indicates -ite indicates Nitrate is Nitrate is Nitrite is Nitrite is Hypo- indicates Hypo- indicates ClO - hypochlorite ClO 2 - chlorite ClO 3 - chlorate ClO 4 - hyperchlorate or perchlorate

21. Naming Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions Need to recognize polyatomic ions in Table 6.6 Need to recognize polyatomic ions in Table 6.6

22. Naming Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions Naming follows binary compound rules Naming follows binary compound rules NaHCO 3 NaHCO 3 See page 118 See page 118

23. Naming Acids Oxy-acids Oxy-acids Inorganic compounds containing hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element Inorganic compounds containing hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element Hydrogen is the Hydrogen is the Second part is a Second part is a Change ending of polyatomic ion Change ending of polyatomic ion Add the word “acid” Add the word “acid” HC 2 H 3 O 2 HC 2 H 3 O 2 Hydrogen & acetate ion Hydrogen & acetate ion Acetic acid Acetic acid