1. „Moderné vzdelávanie pre vedomostnú spoločnosť/Projekt je spolufinancovaný zo zdrojov EÚ“ Inovácia obsahu a metód vzdelávania prispôsobená potrebám vedomostnej spoločnosti HISTORY OF PAPER AND THE BASIC FACTS ABOUT IT PAPER VYPRACOVAL: MGR, BARBORA, KRAVCOVÁ DECEMBER 2014

2. CONTEND TERM DEFINITION HISTORY EGYPT, CHINA, EUROPE PAPER MILLS PAPER INDUSTRIALISATION INVENTION OF WOOL PULP

3. DEFINITION The word "paper" is etymologically derived from papyrus Papyrus /pə ˈ pa ɪ rəs/ is a thin paper –like material made from the pith of the papyrus plant/pə ˈ pa ɪ rəs/

4. HISTORY/1 EGYPT Paper was found in ancient Egypt in the third millennium BC. Papyrus was used by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Paper as we know has its roots back to China at the beginning of the first millennium AD.

5. HISTORY/2 CHINA: BIRTHPLACE / AD 105 The birth of paper, as we know it today, took place under the Chinese Han Dynasty in AD 105. Ts'ai Lun, a court official, invented a papermaking process which primarily used rags (textile waste) as the raw material with which to make paper. Chinese papermakers subsequently developed a number of specialities such as sized (paper with special surface properties), coated and dyed paper. Further advances saw paper designed to be resistant to insects.

6. HISTORY/2 Papermaking and innovation went hand-in-hand and the papermakers enabled China to develop its civilisation more rapidly, but they did have problems with demand for paper for administration.

7. HISTORY/3 EUROPE Papermaking reached Europe as early as 1085 and was firmly established in Spain by 1150. Papermaking then spread further northwards, with evidence of paper being made in France by 1348, in Holland sometime around 1340–1350, etc. It was about the time when the woodcut and printmaking technique was transferred from fabric to paper in the old masters print.

8. MAPER MILLS A paper mill is a water-powered mill that pounds the pulp by the use of trip-hammers. There was first paper mill in England set up by John State in 1490 near During this time, paper making spread to other European countries.

9. AN OLD PAPER MILL

10. INDUSTRIALOISATION The craft of papermaking spread throughout the world in a relatively small-scale, until paper production became industrialised during the 19th century. Originally intended purely for writing and printing purposes, a variety of paper products are available to today's consumer. Modern paper-making began in the early 19th century in Europe. Development of the Fourdrinier machine.Fourdrinier machine The machine produced a continuous roll of paper rather than individual sheets. These machines produced up to 10 meters wide sheet..

11. INVENTION OF WOOD PULP In 1844 inventors such as Charles Fenerty invented a paper making using a wood pulp. This started a new era for the paper production of newsprint and eventually almost all paper was made out of pulped wood. newsprint

12. SOURCES http://users.stlcc.edu/nfuller/paper/ http://italycruiseshoretours.com http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Make- Handmade-Paper/ http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Make- Handmade-Paper/