4.  – One person making a long speech to at least one other person. {Act I, Scene 2, L.1}  “The State of the Union Address”

5.  – One person making a long speech all alone. It informs the audience of a character’s thoughts. {Act I, Scene 2, L.129} Bernie Mac Show

6.  – A comment made that certain characters can’t hear, though right next to the speaker. It allows the speaker to inform the audience and/or another character of a thought. {Act 1, Scene 2, L.65}  Malcom in the Middle or Scrubs

7.  – The audience knows something that a character or characters doesn’t know. {We know Hamlet is pretending to be crazy.}  Hannah Montana Show (alias Miley Stewart)

8.  – Reference to something out of place or time with the setting of the piece of literature. {The traveling group of performers that was in Shakespeare’s (Renaissance) time, not in Medieval times, which is the setting of Hamlet.}  Back to the Future

9.  – A reference to a well-known person, event, piece of literature, etc. {Act I, Scene 1 - Reference to Julius Caeser.}  The Simpsons

10.  – A character trait that leads to a character’s downfall. {Hamlet procrastinates in taking action about his father’s death.}  Students procrastinating with their school work.

11.  – Two characters have an opposing trait or traits, often in similar situations, which emphasize each other’s trait or traits. {Fortinbras and Hamlet}  Pinky and the Brain

12.  Step 1: Underline or Highlight the subject of the controlling idea  Step 2: Change the subject into a question (i.e. What do the passages teach about fear?) (fear is the subject).  Step 3: The controlling idea should be an answer to the question in step 2.

13.  Read through the passages and underline, star, circle, etc. literary elements and devices.  Choose one element or device from one of the passages to discuss.  List specific examples of the use of the element or device in the passage.