1. Advances in Genetics
Section 4-3

2. Objective:
SWBAT: describe three ways in which people have developed organisms with desired traits
SWBAT: describe three ways in which people have developed organisms with desired traits

3. 3 Methods used to develop organisms with desirable traits
Selective Breeding
Cloning
Genetic Engineering

4. 1) Selective Breeding-
Process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation.
Ex. Dairy cows bred to produce more milk
Ex. Fruits and vegetable bred to resist disease

5. Selective Breeding… Inbreeding - Hybridization –
Crossing 2 individuals that have identical sets of alleles.
Hybridization –
Cross 2 genetically different individuals (best from both parents)

6. Cloning
Clone – an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced
Plants – cutting
Animals – (Dolly)
Removed egg from 1 sheep
Cell’s nucleus was replaced with nucleus of 6 yr. old sheep
Egg implanted into uterus of 3rd sheep.

7. Cloning … (video)

8. Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering – genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism
Used to …
Produce medicines
Improve food crops
Cure human genetic disorders

9. Genetic Engineering

10. Genetic Engineering…
Gene therapy – inserting working copies of a gene directly into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder.

11. QUICK QUESTION
Name three techniques that people have used to produce organisms with desired traits.
Selective breeding
Cloning
Genetic engineering ?

12. DNA Fingerprinting – used to identify people (no 2 the same, except identical twins)
Used to help solve crimes
Fingerprints
Blood
Hair
Skin
DNA Fingerprinting

13. Fingerprinting
Fingerprinting

14. The Human Genome Project
Genome – all the DNA in one cell of an organism
Main goal – to identify the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome

15. ? QUICK QUESTION When solving a crime detectives use... Fingerprinting
Blood
Hair
Skin ?

16. Works Cited
“Hemophilia”. Your Genes Your Health. <
“Huntington’s Disease”. Help Guide. < _disease.htm>