1. Pages 312-317

2.  A control system of the body  By way of hormones (chemical messengers) that are released directly into the blood  Hormones control and/or assist processes like:  Reproduction  Growth and development  Mobilization of body defenses  Homeostasis  Metabolism © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

3.  Pituitary gland  Hypothalamus  Thyroid gland  Parathyroid glands  Adrenal glands  Pancreas  Pineal gland  Thymus gland  Gonads (ovaries and testes) © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. Pineal gland Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Thymus Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovary (female) Testis (male)

5.  Some are purely endocrine glands (ductless)  Hormones are secreted directly into the blood  Anterior pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, parathyroids  Other glands are mixed glands, with both endocrine and exocrine functions  Exocrine glands dump into ducts  pancreas, gonads © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

6.  Referred to as the “master endocrine gland”  About the size of a pea  Hangs from the hypothalamus in the brain  Has two functional lobes  Anterior pituitary—glandular tissue  Produces hormones  Posterior pituitary—nervous tissue  releases hormones after neural stimulation © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

7.  produces releasing and inhibiting hormones  These influence pituitary action  Such hormones are released into circulation that connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary  Synthesizes two hormones:  oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone  Stored in posterior pituitary © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

8. Optic chiasma Axon terminals Anterior lobe of the pituitary Venous drainage Capillary bed Posterior lobe of pituitary Arterial blood supply Hypothalamus Hypothalamic neurosecretory cells ADHOxytocin Kidney tubulesMammary glands Uterine muscles Hormones produced by the hypothalamus are released into blood by nerve impulses

9.  The posterior pituitary stores hormones synthesized by the hypothalamus  Oxytocin  Stimulates uterine contractions  Causes milk ejection in a breastfeeding woman  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)  Inhibits urine production (diuresis)  promotes water reabsorption by the kidneys © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

10.  Six anterior pituitary hormones  endocrine targets (tropic hormones): 1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropic hormone) 2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone 3. Follicle-stimulating hormone 4. Luteinizing hormone  nonendocrine targets: 1. Growth hormone 2. Prolactin © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

11.  Characteristics of all anterior pituitary hormones  They are proteins  Use a second-messenger systems  Regulated by hormonal stimuli  Regulated by feedback inhibition (most often negative) © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

12. Posterior pituitary Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Adrenal cortexThyrotropic hormone (TH) Thyroid Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) Testes or ovaries Mammary glands Prolactin (PRL)Bones and muscles Growth hormone (GH) Anterior pituitary Releasing hormones secreted into portal circulation Hypothalamus

13.  Growth hormone (GH)  growth of skeletal muscles and long bones  Prolactin (PRL)  Stimulates/maintains breast milk production  Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)  Regulates endocrine activity of the adrenal cortex  Thyrotropic hormone (TH),  A.K.A. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)  Influences growth and activity of the thyroid gland © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

14.  Gonadotropic hormones  Regulate hormonal activity of the gonads  Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)  Stimulates follicle development in ovaries  Stimulates sperm development in testes  Luteinizing hormone (LH)  Triggers ovulation of an egg in females  Stimulates testosterone production in males © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.