1. Julius Caesar Patrician Consul Triumvirate – 3 consuls, Pompey, Crassus, Julius Caesar Oligarchy

2. Rise to Power Leads northern Armies Conquers Gaul without Senate authorization Senate fears his power – calls him back to appear in Forum Caesar crosses the Rubicon with his army Surrounds Senate Voted Dictator by them  “Dictator for Life”

4. Reforms & Impact Reforms Citizenship to provinces New senators New colonies for landless poor Increased pay for army Creation of more jobs Impacts Expands Roman territory & creates support for himself People favor Caesar over Senate Senate Assassinates Caesar Death leads to Civil War

6. Caesar Augustus 27BC – 14AD (Octavian - Nephew of Julius Caesar) 1 st Emperor (absolute power) Rebuilt Rome after civil war “I found Rome a city of sun- baked bricks and left it a city of marble.” Supported arts Tax reform Food imports Public Works - Building, temples, roads (creating jobs)

7. The Tomb of Augustus

8. Julio-Claudians (family of Julius Caesar) Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero

10. The Good Emperors Skilled in governing Promoted building projects and expansion Nerva Trajen Hadrian Antoninus Pious Marcus Aurelius – “philosopher king”

11. The City

12. Pax Romana 200 years of Peace within the Empire Begins with Augustus’ Reign Massive building and engineering projects

14. The Appian Way

15. A Road in England

16. Circus Maximus Roman Forum

17. The Empire