1. 1.What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? H H H-C- C-O-H -O-H ( hydroxyl group) H H Ethanol and it is an alcohol H O-H H H H - C – C – C – C - H H H H H 2-butanol and it also is an alcohol

2. 1.What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? H H H-C- C-O-H -O-H ( hydroxyl group) H H Ethanol and it is an alcohol H O-H H H H - C – C – C – C - H H H H H 2-butanol and it also is an alcohol

3. 2. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? H H H H-C- C-C=O C=O (carbonyl group) H H Propanal and it is an aldehyde H H H H H H - C – C – C – C – C = O H H H H Pentanal and it is an aldehyde

4. 2. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? H H H H-C- C-C=O C=O (carbonyl group) H H Propanal and it is an aldehyde H H H H H H - C – C – C – C – C = O H H H H Pentanal and it is an aldehyde

5. 3. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? H H H H H-C- C-C- C-C-H C=O (carbonyl group) H O H H H 2-Pentanone and it is an ketone H H H H H H - C – C – C – C – C – C - H H H H O H H 3-hexanone and it is an ketone

6. 3. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? H H H H H-C- C-C- C-C-H C=O (carbonyl group) H O H H H 2-Pentanone and it is an ketone H H H H H H - C – C – C – C – C – C - H H H H O H H 3-hexanone and it is an ketone

7. 4. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? H H H H H-C- O-C- C-C-H H H H H Methyloxypropane or methyl propyl ether H H H H H H - C – C – O – C – C – C - H H H H H H ethyloxypropane or ethyl propyl ether

8. 4. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? H H H H H-C- O-C- C-C-H H H H H Methyloxypropane or methyl propyl ether H H H H H H - C – C – O – C – C – C - H H H H H H ethyloxypropane or ethyl propyl ether

9. 5. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? H H H O H-C- C- C- C-O-H H H H Butanoic acid H O H - C – C – O – H H Ethanoic acid

10. 5. What are the names of the following compounds? What functional group does it contain? H H H O H-C- C- C- C-O-H H H H Butanoic acid H O H - C – C – O – H H Ethanoic acid

11. 6.Esters-Raw Materials Esters are made from the reaction between …. an alcohol and an …. organic acid

12. 6.Esters-Raw Materials Esters are made from the reaction between …. an alcohol and an …. organic acid

13. 7.Esters-Raw Materials Organic acids have a carbonyl and hydroxyl functional group R-COOH R-C-O-H O R differs from one acid to another

14. 7.Esters-Raw Materials Organic acids have a carbonyl and hydroxyl functional group R-COOH R-C-O-H O R differs from one acid to another

15. 8.Esters-Raw Materials Alcohols have a hydroxyl functional group R-O-H R differs from one to another

16. 8.Esters-Raw Materials Alcohols have a hydroxyl functional group R-O-H R differs from one to another

17. 9. Esterfication Esters form by… dehydration synthesis. Synthesis involves the formation of water from the reactants. Sulfuric acid is usually used to catalyze the reaction

18. 9. Esterfication Esters form by… dehydration synthesis. Synthesis involves the formation of water from the reactants. Sulfuric acid is usually used to catalyze the reaction

19. 10. Esterfication R-O-H + H-O-C-R O What are the products? R-O-C-R+ H-O O H

20. 10. Esterfication R-O-H + H-O-C-R O What are the products? R-O-C-R+ H-O O H

21. 11. Esterfication R-C-O-H + H-O-R O What are the products? R-C-O-R+ O-H O H

22. 11. Esterfication R-C-O-H + H-O-R O What are the products? R-C-O-R+ O-H O H

23. 12. Ester Nomenclature H H H H H H-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- H H H O H H H Name? Name? EthanolButanoic acid Ester structure H H H H H H-C-C-O-C-C-C-C- HH-O H HO H H H H Ester Name? By product Ethyl butanoatewater

24. 12. Ester Nomenclature H H H H H H-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- H H H O H H H Name? Name? EthanolButanoic acid Ester structure H H H H H H-C-C-O-C-C-C-C- HH-O H HO H H H H Ester Name? By product Ethyl butanoatewater

25. 13. Ester Nomenclature H H H H H H H H-C-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- C- H H H O H H H H H Name? Name? Propanoic acid Pentanol Ester structure H H H H H H H-C-C-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-HH-O H H O H H H H H Ester Name? By product Ethyl butanoatewater

26. 13. Ester Nomenclature H H H H H H H H-C-C-C-O-H + H-O-C-C-C-C- C- H H H O H H H H H Name? Name? Propanoic acid Pentanol Ester structure H H H H H H H-C-C-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-HH-O H H O H H H H H Ester Name? By product Pentyl propanoatewater

27. 14. Esters Properties Can have pleasant odors. They are used as flavorings in cakes, candies, and other foods and as ingredients in perfumes. The alcohols and especially the organic acids which make up esters can have very unpleasant odors.

28. 14. Esters Properties Can have pleasant odors. They are used as flavorings in cakes, candies, and other foods and as ingredients in perfumes. The alcohols and especially the organic acids which make up esters can have very unpleasant odors.

29. 15. Halogenated Compounds F H H H F H-C-C-C-C-C-H H H F H H Name? H H Br H H-C-C-C-C-H H F H Cl Name?

30. 15. Halogenated Compounds F H H H F H-C-C-C-C-C-H H H F H H 1,3,5-trifluoro-pentane H H Br H H-C-C-C-C-H H F H Cl 2-Bromo-1-Choloro-3-Fluoro-butane

31. 16. Amines H H H H H-N-C-C-C-C-H H H H H H ? Name H H H H-N-C-C-C-N-H H H H H H ? Name

32. 16. Amines H H H H H-N-C-C-C-C-H H H H H H butanamine H H H H-N-C-C-C-N-H H H H H H 1,4 butandiamine

33. 17. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H H H-C-H H How do they differ from each other?

34. 17. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H H H-C-H H The branch off the center carbon differs.

35. 18. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H H H-C-H H How do these molecules join?

36. 18. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H H H-C-H H The molecules join by dehydration synthesis

37. 19. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-O-H H-N-C-C-O-H H H-C-H H What are the products of this synthesis?

38. 19. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-N-C-C-O-H + H-O H H-C-H H H Dipeptide

39. 20. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-N-C-C-O-H + H-O H H-C-H H H What codes for the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide/protein?

40. 20. Amino Acids H H O H H O H-N-C-C-N-C-C-O-H + H-O H H-C-H H H DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide / protein.