2. How to make logical inference? Reading Comprehension

3. Type A Inference based on certain details or facts

4. 1)Inference about data EX(1) Family Railcard For ＄ 20 this railcard allows you to take a second adult and up to 4 children for only ＄ 3 each when you buy single or return tickets. You can travel as often as you like until the card becomes out of date. Q: A man bought himself a ticket of ＄ 15 and three tickets for his family with a family railcard. How much did he pay? A. ＄ 44 B. ＄ 29 C. ＄ 24 D. ＄ 15 allows you to take a second adult and up to 4 children for only ＄ 3 each 15+3x3

5. 2) Inference about details Tokyo ： Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes, are guarding a blue star sapphire （蓝宝 石） worth nearly six hundred dollars at a Japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum. “Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition objects, but it’s different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel,” a police official said. Q: The jewels was being shown in ______ A. an Indian hotel B. an Indian museum C. a Japanese hotel D. a Japanese museum Ex(2)

6. Four passengers were killed and 39 others injured early Sunday after a bus traveling south on Beijing-Zhuhai Freeway broke through a guardrail and fell off a cliff.Traffic police in Shaoguan City, south China's Guangdong Province, said the bus carried 43 passengers. It set off from Nanyang, a city in central China's Henan Province, at 10 a.m. Saturday headed for Dongguan in Guangdong. All the passengers were residents from Zhenping County in Nanyang City. The accident happened around 3:46 a.m. Sunday when the driver attempted to avoid hitting an unidentified object in front of the bus. You can click the link and watch the video to know more about the accident. Where is this passage taken from? A.Newspaper B. Magazine C. Website D. TV news Ex (3)

7. 3) Inference about facts Ex(4) SUNDAY, November 14 DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m. FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio. Non-remembers 70p. Tel: 688—4626. HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen. THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion. Q: You want to spend the same day at two different places and don’t want to cross any street. Which of the following is your best choice? A. The sing-along at the Black Horse and Jazz at The Bull’s Head. B. The sing-along at The Black Horse and Folk Music at The Derby Arms. C. Folk Music at The Derby Arms and Heavy Music with Tony Simon at The Bull. D. Musical Hal lat The Star ＆ Garter and Disco at The Lord Napier.

8. Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modem life. Q: We can learn from the paragraph that______. A.food is chosen for a good reason B. French and British food is good C. some people have few choices of food D. some people care little about healthy diet Ex(5)

9. Discussion: The best method for solving problems in type A is__________ 全文搜索 细查勿漏 准确理解 简单计算 依据事实 理清关系

10. Type B Inference based on logical relationship of the context

11. Inference based on logical relationship of the context 因果关系： for, since, because of, that is why, so, therefore 对比关系 : whereas, unlike, instead, otherwise however, nevertheless, on the contrary 让步关系： although, even though, despite, after all 概括关系： finally, generally, in a word, in conclusion, in short 强调关系： indeed, above all, surely, most important 补充说明关系： in fact, as a matter of fact, in addition, in this case, furthermore 注意信息词 ---- 航标灯

12. 例（ 1 ）利用句子之间承接与转换关系推断 Now and again 不时、时而 I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them make me lose my delight in dreams. …….Most people do not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing ( 打喷嚏 ). I can never understand this. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life because there is far less of it, but to me it is important. Q: What is the author’s attitude toward dreaming? A.He likes it B. He thinks it puzzling. C. He used to like it D. He dislikes it Ex(6)

13. 例（ 2 ）利用段落的衔接与过渡词推断 We have saved as a final set of emotions the two most important emotions ( 情感 ) towards other people: love and its opposite, hate. Love can be seen everywhere. Yet surprisingly, love has been the subject of less scientific research than other emotions, such as anger and fear. The reason for this may be two fold. First, love is a very complex ( 复杂的 ) emotion, difficult to describe and measure. Secondly, unlike many extreme emotions, extreme love is generally not a problem; thus less medical attention has been paid to it. Q: In previous passage, the author has probably been discussing ____. A. the two most important human emotions---love and hate B. some emotions that are only produced by animals C. some other sets of human emotions than of love and hate D. why love has been the subject of less scientific research Ex(7)

14. 例（ 3 ）抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理 After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. The rest that you get while sleeping makes it possible for your body to prepare itself for the next day. Q: The text suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____. A. suffer from poor health B. feel tired and nervous C. dream more often D. breathe quickly Ex(8)

15. Discussion: The best method for solving problems in type B is__________ 弦外之音 逻辑分析 防止主观 直接陈述 未经推理 必然为错 过渡引申 与文无关 意在干扰

16. Type C Inference based on the author’s opinions or attitudes

17. Inference based on the author’s opinions or attitudes What’s the author’s main point? The author seems to agree that_________ In the author’s opinion,________ According to the author,________ This author’s attitude towards …. can best be described as______ Questions forms: The author’s main purpose in writing this paragraph is to____. The tone of this passage is best described as_________

18. 表达作者态度常用词汇小结： approving 赞成的 critical 批评的 neutral 中立的 suspicious 怀疑的 worried 担忧的 depressed 沮丧的 subjective 主观的 objective 客观的 confident 有信心的 optimistic 乐观的 hostile 敌对的 negative 否定的，反对的 impressed 有深刻印象的 doubtful 不敢肯定的 indifferent 不感兴趣的 persuasive 说服人的 interested 感兴趣的 factual 实事求是的 questioning 质问的

19. 1) 注意作者对比的写作方法 Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say. “My parents were on the ‘before’ side of that change, but today's parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “It's not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.” Q: By saying “today's parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side.” the author means that today's parents _________. A. follow the trend of the change B. can set a limit to the change C. fail to take the change seriously D. have little difficulty adjusting to the change 解题注意点 Ex(9)

20. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue 收入来源. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmers is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! 2 ）注意仔细琢磨作者表达情感和态度的用词方式 肯定： certainly, no doubt, surely, 不太肯定： possibly ， maybe, it is said that 情感色彩： great, terrific, wonderfully, sadly, shame Q: The attitude of the author toward advertisers is A. appreciative. B. trustworthy. C. critical. D. dissatisfactory. Ex(10)

21. 3 ）注意作者使用反语 I found in my baby‘s behavior a metaphor 暗喻 for the new generation. My wife and I had given him some books to examine ， but he merely spit upon them. When we read to him ， he did not feel comfortable. And so it is in the schools. We find that our students don’t read and look down upon reading and even scold those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watch TV. Therefore, I have reached a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight it? Let them watch all they want! What do you think is the author’s attitude towards TV? A. Curious. B. Worried. C. Unfavorable. D. Favorable. Ex(11)

22. 4 ）注意作者对事件下的结论 Ex (12) Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news ？ All I read about is murder ， bribery （行贿）， and death ． Frankly ， I’m sick of all this bad news ． This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to ______ ． A ． complain B ． apologize C ． amuse D ． inform

23. Ex (13) No one should be forced to wear a uniform. Uniforms are totally unnecessary in a democratic 民主的 society. Uniform tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual, that is, the individual in a uniform loses self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a sense of identification with a more important concept. But in fact, the individual himself is the most important, if an organization is so weak that it must rely on the uniform to inspire it members, that organization has not right to continue its existence. On the other hand, uniforms also hurt the economy. The author’s main purpose in writing this paragraph is to______. A. show that uniform are possible in a democratic society B. Advocate 提倡 stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniforms C. convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages D. advocate doing away with 废除 uniforms

24. 5 ）注意作者对动作, 场景的描述 By this time there were quite a few people standing in lines. The word soon spread to other travelers that the computer was down. Some people went white, some people started to cry and still others kicked their luggage. In the paragraph the author suggests that _______. A. a modern computer won’t be down. B. computers can take the place of humans C. sometimes a computer may bring suffering to people D. there will be great changes in computers Ex(14)

25. Ex(15) That poor doctor just couldn’t get my gloves off. Each time he took a step towards me, I broke into painful shouting. the doctor began to stitch( 缝合 ) my head wound, not only did he merrily （快乐地） cut off a long lock of my hair, but used no anaesthetic( 麻药 ) either! What did the writer think of the doctor? A. friendly. B. cruel. C. hardworking. D. kind

26. 推论题 解题总结 ： 依据事实 把握细节 简单计算 段首段尾 图文标题 细察勿漏 弦外之音 逻辑分析 防止主观 直接陈述 未经推理 必然为错 过渡引申 与文无关 意在干扰 作者态度 遣词用句 推敲揣摩 把握整体 证据串联 攻无不胜

27. 巩固练习 Challenge yourself

28. (1) Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called "the deathwatch beetle." Q: The sound of this beetle ________. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.

29. (2) The easy way out isn’t always easiest…..As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything.…I had been defeated, I put the dough 生 面团 in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn’t have to face Doug laughing at my work, …I don’t know who was more embarrassed( 尴尬 )by the whole thing Doug or me. Q: The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ____ A. to tell an interesting experience B. to show the easiest way out of difficulty C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman D. to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books

30. （ 3 ） A U.S. Couple have succeeded in a 55-meter fall over Horseshoe Falls in a barrel( 木桶 ) with only slight hurts. Horseshoe Falls is the Canadian part of Niagara Falls. Steven Trotter of Florida and Lori Martin of Atlanta treated at a hospital for small hurts after dropping over the falls as a Father’s Day show. Police took an hour to free the barrel wrapped with bulletproof ( 防弹的 ) material and covered in thick plastics, from rocks at the base of the fall. Q: Which of the following gives the correct relationship between Canada, Niagara Falls and Horseshoe Falls? A B CM H C N H C N H C HN CD

31. (4) Living in a residence hall （学生宿舍） carries certain obligation. （义务） You have to be considerate of others, especially during study hours. Telephone calls and visits by friends should be short. You have to cooperate in keeping the room as sanitary （卫生） as possible. It is sometimes hard to be tolerant （容忍的） of another person’s habits that may differ from your own. Q: From this passage, we learn that if you live in a dormitory you must learn to be tolerant of_____? A)Your roommate’s telephone calls B) Habits that may differ from your own C) Visits by your roommate’s friends D) Roommates who are unsanitary

32. (5) Never before in history have people been so aware of what is going on in the world. Television, newspapers, radio keep us continually informed and stimulated 刺激 our interest. The sociologist’s interest in the world around him is intense 强烈的, for society is his field of study. As an analyst, he must be well acquainted with 熟悉 a broad range of happenings and must understand basic social processes. He wants to know what makes the social what it is, how it is organized, why it changes in the way that it does. Such knowledge is valuable not only for those who make great decisions, but also for you, since this is the world in which you live and make your way. The passage chiefly concerns ______. A. the work of a sociologist B. the new media C. modern society D. decision-makers

33. Homework Finish the consolidation exercises