1. Excretory System

2. Purpose Remove metabolic waste from the body. Remove metabolic waste from the body.

3. Metabolism Sum total of chemical reactions that keep and organism alive Sum total of chemical reactions that keep and organism alive Metabolic Waste  by product of metabolism Metabolic Waste  by product of metabolism

4. Lungs Carbon dioxide accumulates in blood to circulate to lungs to get oxygen Carbon dioxide accumulates in blood to circulate to lungs to get oxygen

5. Liver Proteins and other nitrogenous compounds are broken down in the liver (urea) Proteins and other nitrogenous compounds are broken down in the liver (urea)

6. Skin Sweat from pores allows wastes to diffuse from blood and into sweat glands Sweat from pores allows wastes to diffuse from blood and into sweat glands

8. Kidneys Filters the blood, removing nitrogenous wastes and toxins Filters the blood, removing nitrogenous wastes and toxins

9. Ureters Drains urine produced in the kidneys into the bladder. Drains urine produced in the kidneys into the bladder.

10. Urinary bladder Muscular sac that stores the urine. Muscular sac that stores the urine.

11. Urethra Tube that drains urine from the bladder out of the body. Tube that drains urine from the bladder out of the body.

12. Kidney Structure renal cortex- the outer layer renal cortex- the outer layer renal medulla-the inner layer renal medulla-the inner layer renal pelvis – a funnel-shaped center of the kidney renal pelvis – a funnel-shaped center of the kidney Blood enters through renal artery and exits through renal vein Blood enters through renal artery and exits through renal vein

13. Nitrogenous waste The breaking and making of proteins produces ammonia as a waste in cells. The breaking and making of proteins produces ammonia as a waste in cells. Ammonia is HIGHLY toxic and is quickly converted to urea, less toxic, in the liver. Ammonia is HIGHLY toxic and is quickly converted to urea, less toxic, in the liver. Urea is transported in blood into the kidneys. Urea is transported in blood into the kidneys.

14. Nephron Tiny tubular structures in the kidney that filter out the waste in blood creating urine. Tiny tubular structures in the kidney that filter out the waste in blood creating urine.

15. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.

16. Nephron Structure Bowman’s capsule: cup- shaped capsule in which arterioles split into fine capillaries. Bowman’s capsule: cup- shaped capsule in which arterioles split into fine capillaries. Glomerulus: network of fine capillaries Glomerulus: network of fine capillaries

17. Loop of Henle: tube that is connected to the Bowman’s capsule Loop of Henle: tube that is connected to the Bowman’s capsule Collecting duct: tube that leads to the ureter and out of kidney Collecting duct: tube that leads to the ureter and out of kidney

18. Making urine 1. Blood flows from the renal artery to the kidneys 2. At the glomerulus, pressure forces water, urea, glucose, salts and minerals out of the capillaries and into the Bowman’s capsule. Cells and large proteins remain in the blood.

19. 3. The filtrate flows through the Loop of Henle. As the filtrate passes, water, glucose, salts and minerals are reabsorbed by osmosis and active transport. 4. Filtrate, which is now urine, flows into collecting ducts, where more water is reabsorbed.

20. 5. The collecting ducts join into the ureters and urine follows into the bladder. 6. The filtered blood returns to the heart through the renal vein