1. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CHAPTER 1 EXPLORING THE GROWTH OF NURSING AS A PROFESSION

2. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Development of a Profession Nursing has struggled with its definition, its image, and its role in the healthcare delivery system – Due in part to its history – Fact that it has both theoretical and practical aspects Role of the nurse in the healthcare delivery system has probably never been more important than it is today.

3. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Historical Influences on the Development of Nursing Healthcare in ancient cultures Historic perspectives and early images of nursing Folk image Religious image Servant image

4. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Beginning of Change Early providers of nursing care − Sisters of charity in France and the United States − Sisters of the holy cross in France and the United States − Catholic religious orders in Mexico and South America − Ursuline sisters in Canada − Deaconesses at Kaiserwerth, Germany and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania − Nursing sisters in England and Ireland

5. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Nightingale Influence Dramatically changed the form and direction of nursing Set standards for nursing education and made significant recommendations for changes in how hospitals operated and how nursing was practiced Many of her recommendations are valid today Wrote Notes on Nursing

6. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Florence Nightingale’s Basic Principles of Nursing Education Trained teaching hospitals are associated with medical schools Nurses reside in nurses’ houses School matron is final authority in: − Curriculum − Living arrangements − All aspects of the school Education includes theoretical material and practical experience Teachers are paid for instruction Records are kept on students

7. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question When were early schools of nursing established? A. During American Revolution B. During Crimean War C. After Civil War D. Spanish American War

8. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer C. After Civil War Rationale: Early schools of nursing were established shortly after the Civil War with curricula fashioned much like the Nightingale School in England. During the American Revolution there were no trained nurses. Florence Nightingale served during the Crimean War. Nursing schools had been established by the time of the Spanish American War.

9. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Beginning of Nursing Education in the United States Established shortly after Civil War Lack of trained nurses presented a serious concern Curriculum fashioned after Nightingale School in England

10. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Establishment of Early Schools Valentine Seaman, is said to have initiated the first system of instruction for nurses at New York hospital. Nursing services provided by most hospitals during the 1860s were disorganized and inadequate. In 1869 the American Medical Association established a committee to study the issue of training for nurses. The New England Hospital for Women and Children is often credited with being the first hospital to establish a formal 1 year program to train nurses in 1872.

11. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Characteristics of the Early Schools Primarily apprenticeships Long hours during which students provided much of the workforce of the hospital with little time left for study Job description 1887

12. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Early Textbooks and Journals There were few textbooks before 1900. Many of the lectures presented by physicians were given from notes they had taken while medical students. First nursing textbook was reportedly the Hand- book of Nursing for Family and General Use. Nursing journals appeared toward the end of the 19th century.

13. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? The wars in which the United States have been involved have had a significant impact on nursing.

14. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True Rationale: The wars in which the United States have been involved have had a significant impact on nursing. Nurses have always played an important role in the care of the wounded and dying, and over the years have taken increasingly important roles.

15. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Military Influence Significant impact on nursing Creation of important role in caring for wounded and dying Expansion of role of nurses Creation of new nursing techniques

16. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Terrorist Attacks and Natural Disasters Some of the most devastating events calling for skilled nursing actions and leadership behavior occur at times other than wartime Terrorist attacks Natural disasters

17. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? Nursing deals with diagnosis and treatment of disease.

18. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Rationale: Medicine deals with diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nursing is concerned with caring for the person.

19. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Developing a Definition for Nursing Early definitions of nursing Distinguishing nursing from medicine Medicine deals with diagnosis and treatment of disease Nursing is concerned with caring for the person Influences on the definition of nursing Defining nursing for the future

20. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Characteristics of a Profession Possession of a body of specialized knowledge Use of scientific method to enlarge the body of knowledge Education within institutions of higher education Control of professional policy, professional activity, and autonomy A code of ethics Nursing as lifetime commitment Service to the public

21. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Differentiating Between the Terms “Profession” and “Professional” Position nursing occupies as a profession is often judged against sociologically developed characteristics or standards of a profession Not everyone agrees that nursing meets those standards The characteristics of the professional become confused with the formal concept of a profession A profession as defined by legislation Popular view of a professional

22. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Traditions in Nursing Pin—public symbol Cap Religious and military history Not practical today Uniform Religious and military history Appropriate attire depends on work setting Ceremonies Pinning Capping

23. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nursing Image The following job description was given to floor nurses by a hospital in 1887: Nurse as care-taker & servant Does align with labor & feminist groups

24. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nursing Image Struggle with image Groups waging campaigns to: Improve image Attract individuals to profession Critical issue because of nursing shortage A positive image is needed to attract qualified individuals into the profession

25. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Studies for and About Nursing Early studies—nursing education Later studies Nursing image Nurses themselves Nurse’s role in healthcare delivery

26. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Defining a Language for Nursing As nursing has developed as a profession, more attention has been directed to establishing a unique classification and nomenclature for nursing. Efforts are being made to do this on an international basis

27. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Approval Process Established for Nursing Languages Committee for nursing practice information infrastructure National information and data set evaluation center

28. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Universal Nursing Language to Support Growth of Nursing NANDA international Nursing interventions classification Nursing outcomes classification OMAHA system

29. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Other Classification Systems The minimum data set for nursing home resident assessment and care screening The international classification for nursing practice project

30. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CHAPTER  2 EDUCATIONAL PREPARATION FOR NURSING

31. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Nursing Assistant: Education Certification with completion of minimum 75 hours of theory and practice Complete practice examination for certification In many states, preparation exceeds 75 hours established by federal law National council of state board of nursing National nurse aide assessment program 24 jurisdictions use the examination to certify nursing assistants

32. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Nursing Assistant: Skills Changing bed linens Measuring temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure Bathing patients and helping with personal care Helping patients with eating, walking, and exercise programs Supporting patients when they are allowed to get out of bed

33. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Practical Nursing Education Curriculum 1 year High schools Trade or technical schools Hospitals Junior or community colleges Independent agencies Program stresses clinical experience Structured care settings Successful completion of NCLEX-PN ®

34. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nursing Assistant and Licensed Practical (Vocational) Nurses Growth of programs with greater oversight by approved bodies has occurred Tremendous variation in education of unlicensed assistive personnel

35. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? Two major avenues to preparation for licensure as a registered nurse exist in the United States the college- based baccalaureate degree, and the associate degree usually offered in community colleges.

36. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Rationale: Three major avenues to preparation for licensure as a registered nurse exist in the United States: the hospital-based diploma, the college-based baccalaureate degree, and the associate degree (usually offered in community colleges).

37. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Programs that Prepare Graduates for RN Licensure Three major avenues to preparation for licensure as a registered nurse exist in the United States: Diploma or hospital-based diploma Associate degree College-based baccalaureate degree Master’s and doctoral prelicensure programs Nontraditional prelicensure programs

38. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Diploma Education Development of hospital-based diploma nursing programs Hospital-based programs today

39. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Associate Degree Nursing Education Development of associate degree education Characteristics of associate degree education Challenges to associate degree education Pressure to increase credits The selective admission process Misunderstandings about associate degree education

40. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Baccalaureate Education Development of baccalaureate education in nursing Characteristics of baccalaureate education Changes in baccalaureate education

41. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? Nursing education has been influenced by the ANA position on nursing education that advocated the associate degree as the minimum educational preparation for professional practice.

42. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Rationale: Nursing education has been influenced by the ANA position on nursing education that advocated the baccalaureate degree as the minimum educational preparation for professional practice. Many nursing educators, particularly those in diploma and associate degree programs, disagreed with this position. This issue may take on new life in the 21st century.

43. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nontraditional Prelicensure Programs Accelerated programs External degree programs

44. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? Master’s and doctoral programs that prepare nurses for leadership positions in the profession continue to grow, with more emphasis on the master’s degree for advanced practice.

45. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True Rationale: Master’s and doctoral programs that prepare nurses for leadership positions in the profession continue to grow, with more emphasis on the master’s degree for advanced practice. The actual degree awarded at the end of doctoral studies varies. A variety of new educational approaches to higher degrees in nursing has evolved.

46. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Academic Similarities Among Traditional Entry-Level Prelicensure Programs Academic similarities Successful completion of NCLEX ® for registered nurses State board approval Similar number of credits as basic nursing education

47. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Administrative Similarities Among Traditional Entry-Level Prelicensure Programs Administrative similarities Adequate financial support Appropriate learning experiences Preparation of graduates for current practice

48. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Student Similarities Among Traditional Entry-Level Prelicensure Programs Student similarities Recruitment and selection of students Legal concerns Diversity of student body

49. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nursing Education at the Graduate Level Master’s preparation Leadership positions Clinical specialization Minimum preparation to teach nursing Doctoral studies Academic advancement Research for advancement of profession

50. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? No change has affected nursing education as greatly as has the computer age.

51. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True Rationale: No change has affected nursing education as greatly as has the computer age. Entire programs can be completed online. Computer technology has changed the structure of the typical nursing classroom, and instructors prepare graduates who will be able to function in a healthcare environment that makes heavy use of computerized services.

52. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Other Forms of Nursing Education Registered nurse baccalaureate programs Designed for RNs with either diploma or associate degree Articulated programs Enable students to move from one education level to the next level Distance education

53. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Other Postlicensure Educational Opportunities Residencies and structured orientation for the new graduate Continuing education Advance practice preparation

54. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Factors Bringing About Changes in Nursing Education The Brown report Development of a national examination standard National accreditation of nursing programs- NLN Changes in nursing service The report of the surgeon general’s consultant group on nursing The American nurses association position paper 1965

55. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Problems Associated with Changing Educational Requirements for Licensure Problems associated with changing educational requirements for licensure includes: Titling Scope of practice Grandfather clause Interstate endorsement

56. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Differentiated Practice Competency expectations and differentiated practice Work of organizations in defining competencies Special projects to differentiate practice

57. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? Nursing theories continue to influence nursing education.

58. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Forces for Change in Nursing Education Incorporation of computer technology in nursing education Computer technology in the classroom Computers in the hospital environment Distance learning options Establishment of programs that provide for educational mobility Increase in community-based practice experiences Increase in emphasis on research Education supporting evidence-based practice

59. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CHAPTER  3 CREDENTIALS FOR HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS

60. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? Credentials are written proof of qualifications and include diplomas awarded by professional groups.

61. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Credentialing Written proof of qualifications May include: Diplomas conferred by educational programs Certification or registration by professional groups Legal licenses conferred by governmental agencies

62. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Approval and Accreditation of Institutions and Programs Accreditation of education institutions Government approval of nursing programs Accreditation of nursing education programs Accreditation of continuing education programs

63. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Credentials for Individuals Diplomas, degrees, and certificates of completion Licensure Certification

64. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? Permissive licensure requires that all individuals who wish to practice in the field be licensed to practice.

65. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Rationale: Permissive licensure allows for those meeting certain standards voluntarily to be licensed, whereas mandatory licensure requires that all individuals who wish to practice in the field be licensed to practice. Do we want this?

66. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nursing Licensure in the United States The history of licensure in nursing Permissive licensure—meets certain standards voluntarily to be licensed. Mandatory licensure—requires all individuals to practice in the field to be licensed to practice.

67. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nurse Practice Act Definitions and scope of practice Qualifications for licensure applicants Titling License renewal and continuing competence requirements Nursing education programs Grounds for disciplinary action Administrative provisions Grandfathering

68. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Sunset Laws and Nurse Practice Acts Sunset laws provide that any regulatory act, such as the nurse practice act, will automatically be rescinded after a predetermined length of time if not reauthorized.

69. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? Advanced practice nurses are regulated by each state.

70. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True Rationale: Advanced practice nurses are regulated by each state. Most require professional certification in an advanced practice nursing specialty to be licensed in that role.

71. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Advanced Practice Registered Nurses Nurse practitioners Nurse anesthetists Nurse-midwives Some states—clinical nurse specialists

72. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? The American Nurses Association is the administrative agency that have the authority to carry out the provisions of the Nurse Practice Act.

73. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Rationale: The state boards of nursing (or their equivalent) are the administrative agencies that have the authority to carry out the provisions of the Nurse Practice Act.

74. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins State Board of Nursing Establishes standards for licensure Examines and licenses applicants Provides for interstate endorsement Renews licenses, grants temporary licenses, and provides for inactive status for those already licensed who request it

75. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins State Board of Nursing (Cont.) Enforces disciplinary codes Provides rules for revocation of license Regulates specialty practice Establishes standards and curricula for nursing programs Approves nursing education programs

76. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? The NCLEX-RN ® examination is administered through a computerized plan that covers the three integrated processes.

77. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Rationale: The NCLEX-RN ® examination is administered through a computerized plan that covers the four integrated processes: nursing process, communication and documentation, caring, and teaching/learning, and four areas of client needs, and that identifies competence for entry-level safe nursing care.

78. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Obtaining a Nursing License Licensure by examination Content of the examination Preparing and administering the examination Computerized adaptive testing Scoring the examination Preparing for the NCLEX ® Licensure by endorsement

79. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Mutual Recognition of Licensure Processes involved in mutual recognition Reasons nurses seek mutual recognition of licenses Concerns regarding mutual recognition of licenses

80. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Revocation or Limitation of a License Strategies to avoid revocation or limitation Renew license Meet requirements of continuing education Abide by standards of practice

81. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Licensure for Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools CGFNS International International Centre on Nursing Migration

82. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? Certification as a nurse practitioner may be used as a basis for legal approval for the advanced registered nurse practitioner role.

83. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True Rationale: Certification provides evidence of specialized clinical knowledge and ability beyond the basic level. Certification as a nurse practitioner may be used as a basis for legal approval for the advanced registered nurse practitioner role.

84. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Certification Uses in Nursing American Nurses Credentialing Center Certification Other nursing certifications available Certifications for licensed practical nurses Concerns about the future of healthcare worker credentialing include issues of public accountability and continued competence

85. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins The Future of Credentialing in Healthcare Institutional control of credentials Institute of Medicine recommendations core competencies − Delivering patient-centered care − Working as part of interdisciplinary teams − Practicing evidence-based healthcare − Focus on quality improvement − Using information technology Future of approval/accreditation of nursing education programs

86. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CHAPTER 4  MAKING PROFESSIONAL GOALS A REALITY

87. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? Developing a successful career pathway involves setting personal short- and long-term goals.

88. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True Rationale: Developing a successful career pathway involves setting personal short- and long-term goals and developing a plan for maintaining and enhancing your own competence.

89. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Employment Opportunities Today Hospital inpatient settings Outpatient settings Home care Long-term care Community settings

90. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? Currently positions for new graduate RNs has increased in recent years.

91. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Rationale: Positions for new graduate RNs have decreased. This is due in part to the effects of the economic recession—people without insurance put off all care, elective procedures are avoided, hospital census drops, nurses who could retire continue working, and nurses who have been employed part- time are accepting full-time positions. Orientation programs for new graduates are costly and if experienced nurses can be hired that is the preference.

92. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Competencies of the New Graduate Competencies identified by nursing organizations National Council of State Boards of Nursing Competencies National League for Nursing Competencies Competencies expressed by other groups Employers’ expectations regarding competencies

93. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Top Ten Nursing Activities Rank Ordered by Average Total Group Frequency Apply principles of infection control Provide care within the legal scope of practice Ensure proper identification of client when providing care Practices in a manner consistent with a code of ethics for registered nurses Prepare and administer medications, using rights of medication administration

94. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Top Ten Nursing Activities Rank Ordered by Average Total Group Frequency (cont.) Prioritize workload to mange time effectively Use approved abbreviations and standard terminology when documenting care Maintain client confidentiality/privacy Provide individualized/client centered care consistent with standards of practice Review pertinent data prior to medication administration

95. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Employers Expectation Regarding Competencies Possess the necessary theoretic background for safe client care and for decision-making Use the nursing process in a systematic way Recognize own abilities and limitations Use communication skills effectively with clients and coworkers

96. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Employers Expectation Regarding Competencies (cont.) Work effectively with assistive personnel, delegating, and supervising nursing care tasks in an appropriate manner Provide accurate and complete documentation Possess proficiency in the basic technical nursing skills Possess basic skill in information technology

97. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Worker Related Competencies Demonstrate a commitment to a work ethic Function with acceptable speed

98. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Personal Career Goals Focusing your goals Setting your goals Short-term goals—encompass what you want to accomplish this month and this year Long-term goals—where you want to be in your profession five or more years from now Maintaining and enhancing your competence

99. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? To make the best impression, interview questions should be answered directly and clearly.

100. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True Rationale: To make the best impression, interview questions should be answered directly and clearly. The use of clarifying statements and questions may help to assure that you are providing needed data, while specific details rather than generalities in your response often are received more favorably. Approaching problem solving questions using the nursing process provides a pattern for effective response.

101. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Letter of Application Letter of inquiry Excellent way to approach many prospective employers Sent with resume Present yourself positively through a well-written letter

102. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Preparing an Effective Resume Appearance Content Objective Credentials Education Employment history Additional experience References

103. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Successful Interviewing Learn about the potential employer Preparing questions for the interviewer Dressing for the interview Things to take on the interview Arriving at the interview Anticipating interview questions Telephone and online interviews Interview errors

104. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? It is not necessary to follow up after an interview has been completed with a note of thanks.

105. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Rationale: Following up after the interview has been completed includes sending a note of thanks to the key decision makers, and checking back to learn of decisions about the position, and maintaining contact with the institution if not selected if you still would like to be considered for a position there.

106. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Follow-Up Strategies Send a thank-you note to the key decision makers Check back to learn of decisions about the position Maintain contact with the institution if you are not selected and still would like a position

107. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement true or false? When resigning from a position, communicating your plans to the head of the department with a sufficient time interval to allow the organization to find a replacement is important.

108. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True Rationale: When resigning from a position, communicating your plans to the head of the department with a sufficient time interval to allow the organization to find a replacement to fill your position leaves a professional impression and may result in a more positive reference.

109. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Resignation Communicate plans to the head of the department Provide sufficient time interval to allow the organization to find a replacement