1. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 1 DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIES/UTERUS/UTERINE TUBES & DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES Lecture by Prof. Dr. Ansari (M.B;B.S. Semester II students only)

2. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 2 The ovaries development Is from the same source as the testis develops. The intermediate mesoderm/ genital ridge, is invaded by the sex cells arising from the yolk sac endoderm. These sex cells are having XX chromosomal complement, in absence of SRY gene, the anti-mullerian factor is not produced.

3. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 3 Genital ridge

4. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 4 Migration of sex cells Along dorsal mesentery

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6. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 6 The sex cells multiply And increase in number, & spread into the genital ridge. The mullerian duct system develops parallel to the mesonephric duct. The primary sex cords grows into the medulla. They give rise to secondary sex cords. Later they form the primordial ovarian follicles.

7. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 7 The paramesonephric ducts are formed by infolding of the coelomic epithelium. Parallel to the mesonephric ducts, paramesonephric ducts grows/ Mullerian ducts. These will later form the fallopian tubes from the upper 1/3 rd, fundus, body and cervix from the fused middle 1/3 rd of the PMND, and lower 1/3 rd will form the upper part of vagina.

8. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 8 Paramesonephric duct

9. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 9 The lower end of the PMND It opens up in the urogenital sinus/ the posterior wall of cloaca. The vagina develops from the sinovaginal bulb.

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12. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 12 Congenital anomalies of uterus development

13. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 13 Unicornuate - Where one of the Müllerian duct fails to develop resulting in a single uterine horn. Bicornuate - Both ducts form but one duct develops to a greater extent than the other. Consequently a small "rudimentary horn" exists, which may end blind or be continuous with the dominant horn. There is usually only one cervix.

14. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 14 Double vaginas Double - Complete failure of fusion of the Müllerian ducts. As a result of the independence of the ducts, two uteri develop, each with their own cervix. In addition one or two vaginas may be found. Septate - Both ducts develop but they only partially fuse. This leaves a septum at the fundus

15. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 15 External genitalia development

16. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 16 The female external genitalia development At the lower end of the embryo, around the cloacal membrane a median genital tubercle grows and it is called as phallus. On either side of the cloacal membrane, a labioscrotal swellings develop, the fore runner of the labia majora. In female fetus, the labioscrotal swelling will give rise to labia majora. The labia minora is developing from the urethral folds that has not united. The undeveloped phallus remains as clitoris.

17. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 17 The embryological derivatives Clitoris = median genital tubercle Labia majora = Labioscrotal swellings/lateral genital swellings Labia minora = Urethral groove Vagina = sinovaginal bulb Uterus/tubes = Paramesonephric ducts Ovary = Genital ridge/Intermediate mesoderm

18. Wednesday, October 21, 2015 18 Imperforate hymen If the cloacal membrane does not rupture It will give rise to imperforate hymen A congenital anomaly