1. A2 Revision
World Games

2. World Games Single Sport Multi-sport FIFA World Cup Olympic Games
Heineken European Rugby Cup
Paralympic Games
World Hockey Champions Trophy
Commonwealth Games
Pan-American Games
World Short-course swimming championships

3. Characteristics of World games
performers
‘ ’ for city/country
Large appeal
Requires major infrastructure –
Elite
Pre-qualifying
Shop window
Commercialised
spectator/TV
transport, accommodation, facilities

4. Effects of World games - performers
Highly to be the best
Test themselves against
Make most of abilities –
High
motivated
the best
reach potential
Extrinsic rewards
Self-satisfaction / pride
expectations
Role models

5. Effects of World games - performers
Great
Short
Requires No
Long-term goal
sacrifices
career
self-discipline/motivation
guarantee of success

6. Effects of World games - Country
impact – seen as successful, part of national character
Social impact –
Economic impact – financial success –
Can have negative impact -
Cultural
unite country
tourism / regeneration / infrastructure
failure

7. Effect of World Games - Government
Provide support –
May be used to demonstrate
Successful bid seen as achievement
bidding, planning
political success - Beijing
on world-wide scale - London

8. Typical question
World championships have developed beyond a simple meeting of the world’s best performers to become far more complex events.
(a) In recent years, how and why have world championships, such as the Olympic Games, developed in terms of size and finance? (4 marks)
(b) How have these developments impacted upon the experiences of performers and spectators? (3 marks)

9. Answer (a) 4 marks for 4 of:
Events now larger/more teams/more sports/performers/ stadia size;
Need more funding;
From sponsorship/spectators;
More media coverage/ sports want higher profile;
Resulting in more interest worldwide/in host country/following of national teams or performers/stars;
Some championships allow professional performers/ prize money;4 marks
(b) Spectators (Sub max 3 marks)
More opportunities to see elite performers;
Enhanced viewing opportunities/interactive/ camera angles/statistics/hawkeye/equiv;
Improved knowledge of events/performance, etc;
Performer (Sub max 3 marks)
More opportunities to perform at the highest level;
Chance to represent country/win championships;
More opportunity to gain expenses/appearance money/win bonus, etc;
More commercial pressure on performers/ deviancy; 4 marks

10. Why seek excellence? Individual Society Challenge National pride
Society encourages excellence
Reduces crime
Big money
Employment
Healthy – increase mass participation
Self-esteem
Role models
Limits to performance?

11. Not all good news exclusive minority
Elite sport for – requires substantial
Loss of morality
Physical and psychological damage from
exclusive minority
funding and resources
– sportsmanship –
increased deviancy
over training and specialisation

12. Qualities required for elite performer/performance
Physical
Psychological
Competitive
Ability/skill
Commitment
Fitness
Physique
Mental toughness
Muscle-fibre type
Motivation
Anatomical advantages - levers
Single-minded
Make sacrifices

13. Identifying Talent talent identification programme Needs testing
But:
Difficult to make tests – especially
Training has on performance
more important
talent identification programme
Fitness / psychological
valid
psychological
limited effects
Socio-economics

14. Social factors affecting development
Tradition
Ideals
Sport’s popularity
Parental influence
Teacher’s specialities
Accessibility of facilities

15. Typical question
An individual must have a range of personal qualities and receive some external support to enable them to reach an elite level of performance.
(a) What personal qualities are necessary for an individual to progress towards an elite level of performance? (4 marks)

16. Answer (Long term) commitment/self discipline;
Determination/Be the best/sets targets/vision/single minded/focussed/mental toughness;
Motivation/Nach personality /desire to achieve;
Self sacrifice;
Resilience/ability to overcome failure/pass through pain barrier;
Self-confidence/self efficacy;
High levels of skills/talents/natural ability/correct somatotype;
High levels of physical fitness/high VO2 max/equiv;
4 marks