1. Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

2.  HUMANISM  SECULAR  PATRON  PERSPECTIVE  VERNACULAR

3.  Setting the stage: Late middle ages Europe was plagued with war and disease; those who survived wanted to celebrate life.  People began to question the Church  Wanted to celebrate the human spirit and focus on the individual

4.  Renaissance: rebirth (1300-1600)  period of creativity in art, writing, and thought  Italy was the birthplace of the Renaissance for 3 reasons  1) thriving cities  2) wealthy merchant class  3) classical heritage of Greece and Rome

5.  Classics lead to Humanism:  Study of classical text lead to humanism;  Intellectual movement focused on human potential and achievements  Humanists studied classic Greek values and brought back the study of subjects like history, literature, and philosophy.  Subjects known as humanities.

6.  Worldly Pleasures:  During the Middle Ages people showed devotion to God by wearing rough clothing and eating plain foods  Renaissance thought people could enjoy life and still serve God  Material luxuries such as expensive clothing, good music, and fine foods.  Spirit of Renaissance was secular- worldly not spiritual.  Church official spent large amounts of money to beautify Rome with art

7.  The Renaissance Man:  Man who excelled in many fields  The Courtier (1528) was a book that outlined how to become a Renaissance Man:  Ren. Man should be: charming, witty, well educated in the classics, dance, sing, play music, write poetry, be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman.

8.  Renaissance Artists use perspective to show 3 dimensions on flat surface.  Paint with a realistic style, copied from ancient Greeks.

9.  Leonardo Da Vinci:  True Ren. Man  Brilliant inventor; curious about everything in his world  Produced some of the most recognized paintings in history, the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.

10.  Vernacular:  Writing in authors native language instead of Latin  Followed example of the Italian author Dante author of ___________?  Subjects:  Most Ren writers focused on self-expression or attempt to portray the individuality of their subjects.

11.  The Prince: (1513)  Examines the imperfect conduct of humans  Outlines how a ruler can gain power and keep it in the face of enemies  Better for a prince to be cunning and lie when necessary to his people for the good of the state…

12.  “From this arises the question whether it is better to be loved more than feared, or feared more than loved. The reply is that one ought to be both feared and loved, but it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved....”  - Niccolo Machiavelli

13. Da Vinci: “ The Mona Lisa” -1519

14. Da Vinci: “ The Last Supper” - 1499

15. Michelangelo: “David” - 1504

16. Michelangelo: “Creation of Adam”

17. Raphael: “Marriage of the Virgin” - 1504

18. Raphael: “School of Athens” – 1508